10 Both the HCH and ZHCO bond angles of H2CO (formaldehyde) are very close to 120°, but one is slightly smaller than the other. Predict which is smaller, and explain your reasoning.
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
question 10
![Table 1.1: Bond Angles of Selected Molecules
Bond-line Structure
to those you would
Approximate Bond Angle
180
:NEC
H-Be-H
:0:
120
H.
H.
B-
H.
Critical Thinking Questions
9 Use VSEPR to explain why the ZHBH bond angle of BH; is 120°. (Hint: What is one-third se
360°?)
10. Both the HCH and ZHCO bond angles of H2CO (formaldehyde) are very close to 120°, but one
is slightly smaller than the other. Predict which is smaller, and explain your reasoning.
11. Use VSEPR to assign a value of "close to 180" or “close to 120" to each bond angle marked
with a dotted line. (These angles are drawn as either 90° or 180°, but may be another value.)
H
O: 0-H
H
H.
H
H N:
H
H
H
:N C:
H C H
H-
CH
H CCE
H-
CC C-H
ol doss itmbT
12. Consider the following flat drawing of methane (CH4).
What is ZHCH bond angle implied by this drawing if you assume it is flat?
a.
H -C-H
b.
Are the electron domains of this flat CH4 spread out as much as possible?
C.
Use model materials to make a model of CH4 (methane). If you assembled it correctly, the
four bonds (bonding electron domains) of your model will be 109.5° apart.
d.
in which representation, the drawing above or the model in your hand (circle one) are the
H's of CH4 more spread out around the central carbon?](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe413ba53-b36f-40cd-9f3b-7507865f79d2%2Fa51ccb8e-2e75-4d22-9f35-8ba91fde272b%2Fnviyr2_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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