10 9 8 Nitrogen-15 7 Oxygen-16 Nitrogen-14 Sodium-23 ppm Phosphorus-31 6 C=C-H 5 4 H-C-X H-C-O -OH X = F, Cl, Br (i.e. electronegative atom) 3 -NH 2 H-C-C=C 1 H-C-N H-C-S CEC-H H-C-C=O-CH HC-0 * Which of the following isotopes is NOT NMR active? -CH3 -CH₂- 0 4000 small range H range of values broad peak =C-H N-H 3250- 3300 broad with spikes -3300 3500 -0-H broad-3300 -3400 -0-H-CIN usually strong NH CHO H O H H 2730- 2820 O -C.OH broad-3000 3000 3000- 2 peaks 3100 -C-H 2850- 2960 -CEN 2200 -CICH ♡ 2200 2500 wavenumber, cm1 2000 CC HC N H 1600- 1660 O O C. 1680 OR 1730 O 1710 O 1600 NR₂ 1650 1500 1000
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
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