Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:### Eukaryotic Cell Structure
This image illustrates the internal components of a eukaryotic cell. Each labeled structure represents a different organelle, each with a specific function essential to cellular processes. The following is a detailed explanation of the structures highlighted:
1. **Nucleus**: The central and most important part of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) and responsible for regulating the cell's activities.
2. **Nucleolus**: Situated within the nucleus, it is involved in the production of ribosomes and RNA synthesis.
3. **Plasma Membrane**: Surrounds the cell, providing protection and controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
4. **Cell Wall**: (Not typically present in animal cells, mainly in plants, fungi, and some prokaryotes) A rigid layer that provides additional protection and support.
5. **Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)**: This structure is indicated by the presence of ribosomes on its surface. It is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.
6. **Golgi Apparatus**: A stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
7. **Cytoskeleton**: A network of filaments and tubules that maintains cell shape, secures organelles in specific positions, allows the cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and enables cells to move.
8. **Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)**: Lacks ribosomes on its surface and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes.
9. **Mitochondrion**: Known as the powerhouse of the cell, it generates ATP through cellular respiration.
10. **Ribosomes**: Small structures that are the site of protein synthesis.
11. **Lysosomes**: Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
12. **Centrosomes**: Important for organizing microtubules and regulating cell division.
13. **Peroxisomes**: Organelles that contain enzymes to oxidize certain molecules normally found in the cell, such as fatty acids and amino acids.
14. **Cytoplasm**: The jelly-like material within the cell, containing all organelles and cell parts.
This diagram clearly highlights the fundamental structures within a eukaryotic cell, each playing a key role in maintaining the life and function
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