1.Popular culture is simply culture that is widely favored or well-liked by many people that undoubtedly, such a qualitative index would meet the approval of many people. 2.The difficulty in equating popular culture to a qualitative index is that a certain number should be agreed upon to identify what is popular. 3.In the meaning of popular culture, a certain number or a qualitative dimension must be included. 4.Another suggested definition of popular culture is a culture that is left over after we have decided what high culture is. 5.Popular culture in #4 is a residual category accommodating texts and practices that fail to meet the required standards to qualify as high culture. 6.In other words, it is a definition of popular culture as superior culture. 7.More so, popular culture is often supported by claims that popular culture is mass-produced commercial culture, whereas high culture is the result of an individual act of creation. 8.Another way of defining popular culture is a culture which is formulaic, manipulative and consumed with brain numbed and brain-numbing passivity. 9.Within the mass culture perspective, popular culture takes one of two forms: a lost organic community or a lost industrial culture. 10.One benign version of mass culture perspective is that high culture is understood as a collective dream world. 11.This (#10) means that, popular culture provides escapism that is not an escape from or to anywhere, but an escape of our utopian selves. 12.For example, cultural practices such as Christmas and seaside holiday function in much the same way as dreams articulating, in a disguised form, collective wishes and desires. 13. One problematic meaning of popular culture is it is a folk culture because it evades the "commercial" nature of how popular culture is made. 14. Hegemony refers to the way in which subordinate groups in society, through a process of 'intellectual and moral leadership' seek to win the consent of dominant groups in society. 15. The process of "compromise equilibrium" happens when popular culture is a "resistance" of subordinate groups and the forces of "incorporation" in the interests of the dominant groups. 16. If one looks at popular culture from the perspective of hegemony theory, one tends to see popular culture as a terrain of ideological struggle between dominant and subordinate classes, dominant and subordinate cultures. 17. Postmodern culture is a culture that still recognizes the distinction between high and popular culture. 18. Popular culture in postmodern time is a reason to celebrate an end to an elitism constructed on arbitrary distinctions of culture and a reason to despair at the final victory of commerce over culture. 19. Popular culture is definitely a culture that only emerged following industrialization and rural life. 20. Britain was the first country to produce popular culture. 21. Before industrialization and urbanization, Britain had two cultures: a common culture which was shared and a separate working class culture by the dominant class. 22. When the cultural map was redrawn as a result of industrialization & urbanization, the relations between employees and employers changed to "cash nexus". 23. Fad is a general direction in which something is developing or changing. 24. Trend is an intense and widely shared enthusiasm for something especially one that is short lived. 25. Online classroom is an example of a fad.