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1.Identify the three taxa that form a monophyletic group. 2. Identify the three taxa that form a paraphyletic group. 3. Identify the three taxa that form a polyphyletic group

1.Identify the three taxa that form a monophyletic group. 2. Identify the three taxa that form a paraphyletic group. 3. Identify the three taxa that form a polyphyletic group

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Phylogenetic Tree Analysis** The diagram above represents a phylogenetic tree, which illustrates the evolutionary relationships among various taxa. The taxa included in this tree are depicted with corresponding icons: a lizard, a frog, a snake, a human, a dog, a worm, a bird, and a fish. **Tasks:** 1. **Identify the three taxa that form a monophyletic group.** - A monophyletic group consists of an ancestor and all its descendants. 2. **Identify the three taxa that form a paraphyletic group.** - A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants. 3. **Identify the three taxa that form a polyphyletic group.** - A polyphyletic group consists of various organisms but does not include their common ancestor. **Detailed Explanation of the Phylogenetic Tree:** - The tree is rooted at the black circle. - Branches lead to each of the taxa, with red branches indicating specific evolutionary relationships. - There are several clades (groups of organisms) delineated by these branches. **Analysis:** 1. **Monophyletic Group:** - To identify a monophyletic group, look for a clade where one ancestor and all its descendants are included. - The nodes connecting the human, dog, and snake (black lines) form a monophyletic group. 2. **Paraphyletic Group:** - For a paraphyletic group, identify one ancestor and select some, but not all, of its descendants. - The group formed by the lizard, frog, and snake (red lines) is a paraphyletic group because it includes the ancestor of these species but not all its descendants. 3. **Polyphyletic Group:** - A polyphyletic group includes taxa without their most recent common ancestor. - The taxa worm, bird, and fish form a polyphyletic group as they share no immediate common ancestor on this tree. Use this tree to learn more about how species are related and how scientists depict these relationships through graphical representations like phylogenetic trees.
Transcribed Image Text:**Phylogenetic Tree Analysis** The diagram above represents a phylogenetic tree, which illustrates the evolutionary relationships among various taxa. The taxa included in this tree are depicted with corresponding icons: a lizard, a frog, a snake, a human, a dog, a worm, a bird, and a fish. **Tasks:** 1. **Identify the three taxa that form a monophyletic group.** - A monophyletic group consists of an ancestor and all its descendants. 2. **Identify the three taxa that form a paraphyletic group.** - A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants. 3. **Identify the three taxa that form a polyphyletic group.** - A polyphyletic group consists of various organisms but does not include their common ancestor. **Detailed Explanation of the Phylogenetic Tree:** - The tree is rooted at the black circle. - Branches lead to each of the taxa, with red branches indicating specific evolutionary relationships. - There are several clades (groups of organisms) delineated by these branches. **Analysis:** 1. **Monophyletic Group:** - To identify a monophyletic group, look for a clade where one ancestor and all its descendants are included. - The nodes connecting the human, dog, and snake (black lines) form a monophyletic group. 2. **Paraphyletic Group:** - For a paraphyletic group, identify one ancestor and select some, but not all, of its descendants. - The group formed by the lizard, frog, and snake (red lines) is a paraphyletic group because it includes the ancestor of these species but not all its descendants. 3. **Polyphyletic Group:** - A polyphyletic group includes taxa without their most recent common ancestor. - The taxa worm, bird, and fish form a polyphyletic group as they share no immediate common ancestor on this tree. Use this tree to learn more about how species are related and how scientists depict these relationships through graphical representations like phylogenetic trees.
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