1.0 A double-angle shape is shown. The steel is A36, and the holes are for 12 mm diameter bolts. Assume that Ae = 0.75An. a. Determine the design tensile strength for LRFD. b. Determine the allowable strength for ASD. Ag = 1560 mm² (Angle) 2L 125 x 75 x 8 LLBB Ans. a) Pu = 594.0 kN; b) Pa = 396 kN 2.0 The tension member shown contains holes for 19 mm Ø bolts. At what spacing s, will the net area for the section through one hole be the same as a rupture line passing through two holes? 62.5 200 75 P 62.5

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Introduction to Engineering Design

Students are often confused with engineering and design. The term engineering design has two words with different meanings, engineering, and design. The term engineering implies applications of laws and principles of science to design and analyze physical structures and components. In civil engineering, students apply the concept of physics and chemistry to design and build structures and buildings. In engineering disciplines, the term design means determining the dimensions, loads, and associated influences on the component due to the applied loads such as stresses and deformations. The estimation of such parameters is crucial to make the component or structure foolproof.