The human circulatory system is
closed—that is, the blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart
into the arteries is constrained to a series of continuous, branching vessels
as it passes through the capillaries and then into the veins as it returns
to the heart. The blood in each of the heart’s four chambers comes
briefly to rest before it is ejected by contraction of the heart muscle. The velocity of blood in the aorta can be measured directly with ultrasound
techniques. A typical graph of blood velocity versus time during
a single heartbeat is shown in Fig. . Which statement is the best
interpretation of this graph? (a) The blood flow changes direction at about
0.25 s; (b) the speed of the blood flow begins to decrease at about 0.10 s;
(c) the acceleration of the blood is greatest in magnitude at about 0.25 s;
(d) the acceleration of the blood is greatest in magnitude at about 0.10 s.
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