1. y'= 3+t-y, y(0) = 1

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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1a

as t increases
On the other hand, in Example 3 the general solution of the
y
Problems
Note about Variations of Computed Results. Most of the problems
in this section call for fairly extensive numerical computations. To
handle these problems you need suitable computing hardware and
software. Keep in mind that numerical results may vary somewhat,
depending on how your program is constructed and on how your
mputer executes arithmetic steps, rounds off, and so forth. Minor
variations in the last decimal place may be due to such causes and do
not necessarily indicate that something is amiss. Answers in the back
7 1
+
+ ce²t,
+ ce
is a diverging family. Note that solutions corresponding to two nearby values of c become
and, because the term involving the arbitrary constant c grows without bound as t → ∞, this
apart as t increases. In Example 3 we are trying approximate the solution for
arbitrarily far
c = 11/4, but in the use of Euler's method we are
actually at each step following another
solution that
the errors in Example 3 are so much larger than those in Example 2.
I separates from the desired one faster and faster as t increases. This explains why
In using a numerical procedure such as the Euler method, you must always keep in mind
the accuracy of the numerical results could be determined directly by a comparison with the
the question of whether the results are accurate enough to be useful. In the preceding examples,
solution obtained analytically. Of course, usually the analytical solution is not available if a
numerical procedure is to be employed, so what we usually need are bounds for, or at least
estimates of, the error that do not require a knowledge of the exact solution. You should also
keep in mind that the best that we can expect, or hope for, from a numerical approximation
is that it reflects the behavior of the actual solution. Thus a member of a diverging family of
solutions will always be harder to approximate than a member of a converging family.
If you wish to read more about numerical approximations to solutions of initial value
problems, you may go directly to Chapter 8 at this point. There, we present some information
on the analysis of errors and also discuss several algorithms that are computationally much
more efficient than the Euler method.
(18)
15dmom
of the book are recorded to six digits in most cases, although more
digits were retained in the intermediate calculations.
In each of Problems 1 through 4:
200
Na. Find approximate values of the solution of the given initial
value problem at t = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 using the Euler
method with h = 0.1.
N b. Repeat part (a) with h = 0.05. Compare the results with
dayondi
those found in a.
-
Transcribed Image Text:as t increases On the other hand, in Example 3 the general solution of the y Problems Note about Variations of Computed Results. Most of the problems in this section call for fairly extensive numerical computations. To handle these problems you need suitable computing hardware and software. Keep in mind that numerical results may vary somewhat, depending on how your program is constructed and on how your mputer executes arithmetic steps, rounds off, and so forth. Minor variations in the last decimal place may be due to such causes and do not necessarily indicate that something is amiss. Answers in the back 7 1 + + ce²t, + ce is a diverging family. Note that solutions corresponding to two nearby values of c become and, because the term involving the arbitrary constant c grows without bound as t → ∞, this apart as t increases. In Example 3 we are trying approximate the solution for arbitrarily far c = 11/4, but in the use of Euler's method we are actually at each step following another solution that the errors in Example 3 are so much larger than those in Example 2. I separates from the desired one faster and faster as t increases. This explains why In using a numerical procedure such as the Euler method, you must always keep in mind the accuracy of the numerical results could be determined directly by a comparison with the the question of whether the results are accurate enough to be useful. In the preceding examples, solution obtained analytically. Of course, usually the analytical solution is not available if a numerical procedure is to be employed, so what we usually need are bounds for, or at least estimates of, the error that do not require a knowledge of the exact solution. You should also keep in mind that the best that we can expect, or hope for, from a numerical approximation is that it reflects the behavior of the actual solution. Thus a member of a diverging family of solutions will always be harder to approximate than a member of a converging family. If you wish to read more about numerical approximations to solutions of initial value problems, you may go directly to Chapter 8 at this point. There, we present some information on the analysis of errors and also discuss several algorithms that are computationally much more efficient than the Euler method. (18) 15dmom of the book are recorded to six digits in most cases, although more digits were retained in the intermediate calculations. In each of Problems 1 through 4: 200 Na. Find approximate values of the solution of the given initial value problem at t = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 using the Euler method with h = 0.1. N b. Repeat part (a) with h = 0.05. Compare the results with dayondi those found in a. -
as t increases
On the other hand, in Example 3 the general solution of the
y
Problems
Note about Variations of Computed Results. Most of the problems
in this section call for fairly extensive numerical computations. To
handle these problems you need suitable computing hardware and
software. Keep in mind that numerical results may vary somewhat,
depending on how your program is constructed and on how your
mputer executes arithmetic steps, rounds off, and so forth. Minor
variations in the last decimal place may be due to such causes and do
not necessarily indicate that something is amiss. Answers in the back
7 1
+
+ ce²t,
+ ce
is a diverging family. Note that solutions corresponding to two nearby values of c become
and, because the term involving the arbitrary constant c grows without bound as t → ∞, this
apart as t increases. In Example 3 we are trying approximate the solution for
arbitrarily far
c = 11/4, but in the use of Euler's method we are
actually at each step following another
solution that
the errors in Example 3 are so much larger than those in Example 2.
I separates from the desired one faster and faster as t increases. This explains why
In using a numerical procedure such as the Euler method, you must always keep in mind
the accuracy of the numerical results could be determined directly by a comparison with the
the question of whether the results are accurate enough to be useful. In the preceding examples,
solution obtained analytically. Of course, usually the analytical solution is not available if a
numerical procedure is to be employed, so what we usually need are bounds for, or at least
estimates of, the error that do not require a knowledge of the exact solution. You should also
keep in mind that the best that we can expect, or hope for, from a numerical approximation
is that it reflects the behavior of the actual solution. Thus a member of a diverging family of
solutions will always be harder to approximate than a member of a converging family.
If you wish to read more about numerical approximations to solutions of initial value
problems, you may go directly to Chapter 8 at this point. There, we present some information
on the analysis of errors and also discuss several algorithms that are computationally much
more efficient than the Euler method.
(18)
15dmom
of the book are recorded to six digits in most cases, although more
digits were retained in the intermediate calculations.
In each of Problems 1 through 4:
200
Na. Find approximate values of the solution of the given initial
value problem at t = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 using the Euler
method with h = 0.1.
N b. Repeat part (a) with h = 0.05. Compare the results with
dayondi
those found in a.
-
Transcribed Image Text:as t increases On the other hand, in Example 3 the general solution of the y Problems Note about Variations of Computed Results. Most of the problems in this section call for fairly extensive numerical computations. To handle these problems you need suitable computing hardware and software. Keep in mind that numerical results may vary somewhat, depending on how your program is constructed and on how your mputer executes arithmetic steps, rounds off, and so forth. Minor variations in the last decimal place may be due to such causes and do not necessarily indicate that something is amiss. Answers in the back 7 1 + + ce²t, + ce is a diverging family. Note that solutions corresponding to two nearby values of c become and, because the term involving the arbitrary constant c grows without bound as t → ∞, this apart as t increases. In Example 3 we are trying approximate the solution for arbitrarily far c = 11/4, but in the use of Euler's method we are actually at each step following another solution that the errors in Example 3 are so much larger than those in Example 2. I separates from the desired one faster and faster as t increases. This explains why In using a numerical procedure such as the Euler method, you must always keep in mind the accuracy of the numerical results could be determined directly by a comparison with the the question of whether the results are accurate enough to be useful. In the preceding examples, solution obtained analytically. Of course, usually the analytical solution is not available if a numerical procedure is to be employed, so what we usually need are bounds for, or at least estimates of, the error that do not require a knowledge of the exact solution. You should also keep in mind that the best that we can expect, or hope for, from a numerical approximation is that it reflects the behavior of the actual solution. Thus a member of a diverging family of solutions will always be harder to approximate than a member of a converging family. If you wish to read more about numerical approximations to solutions of initial value problems, you may go directly to Chapter 8 at this point. There, we present some information on the analysis of errors and also discuss several algorithms that are computationally much more efficient than the Euler method. (18) 15dmom of the book are recorded to six digits in most cases, although more digits were retained in the intermediate calculations. In each of Problems 1 through 4: 200 Na. Find approximate values of the solution of the given initial value problem at t = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 using the Euler method with h = 0.1. N b. Repeat part (a) with h = 0.05. Compare the results with dayondi those found in a. -
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