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1. Would you expect the presence of the labor unions to lead to higher or lower pay for worker-members in the short run? What about the long run?
2. How would the presence of a union affect the firm’s motivation to invest in technology? How would this affect the number and type of workers it would hire in the short run? What about the long run? (Remember to think about how quickly firms can adapt to changing circumstances.)
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- You are given a scenario where this a change in a factor of production or a change in demand for an item. You need to explain in sentence form how this would change demand for labor. 1. Apple develops the iPhone and demand for it surges as people realize the benefits of this improved technology. You manufacture flip phones.TOTAL AND MARGINAL PRODUCT Total Product [Output] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Marginal Product 20 10 0 -10 -20 1 Labor Input 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 Labor Input 8 Reset Labor Input 8 EEPRODUCTIVITY CALCULATIONS Labor Input 0 Output 0 Marginal Product structions: Move the slider at the bottom of the diagram to change the quantity of labor hired for both graphs and the table. ) What is the marginal product of the third worker? ) What is the marginal product of the fifth worker? c) If units of output are sold for $0.80 each, how much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional units attributed to the 3rd worker? $ How much revenue does the firm gain by selling the additional output from the fifth worker? $11. Fresh Veggie is one of many small farms in Florida operating in a perfectly competitive market. Farm labor is also perfectly competitive, and Fresh Veggie can hire as many workers as it wants for $20 a day. The daily productivity of a tomato picker is given in the table. If a bushel of tomatoes sells for $6, how many workers will Fresh Veggie hire? Also, fill in MP of Labor and VMPL columns.
- In 2005 General Motors (GM) announced that it would reduce employment by 30,000 workers. What does this decision reveal about how it viewed its marginal revenue product (MRP) and marginal resource cost (MRC)? Why didn’t GM reduce employment by more than 30,000 workers? By fewer than 30,000 workers?Look at the graph below. Labor demand falls from D0 to D1 due to an economic recession. What is the resulting wage in the short-run due to this shift in demand? HINT: Consider whether this is a situation in which the wages are sticky or flexible. Wage Rate 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Quantity of Labor D1 35 40 DORead the "Clear it Up: Do Profit Maximizing Employers Exploit Labor" Do Profit Maximizing Employers Exploit Labor? (Source: OER) If you look back at the labor dynamics of supply and demand, you will see that only the firm pays the last worker it hires what they’re worth to the firm. Every other worker brings in more revenue than the firm pays him or her. This has sometimes led to the claim that employers exploit workers because they do not pay workers what they are worth. Let’s think about this claim. The first worker is worth $x to the firm, and the second worker is worth $y, but why are they worth that much? It is because of the capital and technology with which they work. The difference between workers’ worth and their compensation goes to pay for the capital, technology, without which the workers wouldn’t have a job. The difference also goes to the employer’s profit, without which the firm would close and workers wouldn’t have a job. The firm may be earning excessive profits,…
- Suppose you are considering hiring another worker. Also assume that you are at a firm that is operating at a point where the marginal product of labor is 5 and the price of each unit of labor is $2, and the marginal product of capital is 20 and the price of each unit of capital is $10. Should you hire another worker? If you hire another worker, what will happen to the marginal product of labor and why?4. Graphing demand for labor and computing the optimal quantity A company operates in a perfectly competitive market, selling each unit of output for a price of $10 and paying the market wage of $130 per day for each worker it hires. In the following table, complete the column for the marginal revenue product of labor (MRPL) at each quantity of workers. Labor Output Marginal Product of Labor Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (Number of workers) (Units of output) (Units of output) (Dollars) 0 0 15 1 15 14 2 29 12 3 41 10 4 51 6 5 57 On the following graph, use the blue points (circle symbol) to plot the firm's labor demand curve. Then, use the orange line (square symbols) to show the wage rate. Line segments will automatically connect the points. (Note: If you cannot place the wage rate at the level you want, move the two end points individually.) Hint: Remember to plot each point halfway between the two integers. For example, when the number of workers increases from 0 to 1, the…11:14 Chegg Home Expert Q&A My solutions Student question 9. A firm in a competitive labor market sees an increase in wages. What happens to their level of capital and labor in the long-run? (For all answer increase, decrease, not applicable or ambiguous) a. The substitution effect will cause capital to ? b. The scale effect will cause capital to ? The total effect on capital d. The substitution effect will cause labor to _? e. The scale effect will cause labor to f. The total effect on labor 7 expert.chegg.com/qna/authoring/ : Time Left: 01:59:30 < 기 ? ? G م | 0 O 0 Vol) 1 LTE2 Tag the question → Step-by-step → Subject Economics Sub-subject 4G ll.ll 3 Search And Select ||| = @ Ť
- In the short run, a tool manufacturer has a fixed amount of capital. Labor is a variable input. The cost and output structure that the firm faces is shown in the table below. Assume the product price is $2. a. Calculate the marginal revenue product and the marginal resource cost, and then fill in the blanks in the labor supply table. Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. Marginal Marginal Resource Units of Total Labor Marginal Product Wage Rate Total Product Revenue Labor Cost Product (Labor) Cost 10 200 $11 $110 11 220 20 12 132 12 238 18 13 156 13 254 16 14 182 14 268 14 15 210 15 280 12 16 240 b. What are the equilibrium wage rate and level of employment? Equilibrium wage rate = $ %3D Equilibrium level of employment workers38) In the short run, the marginal product of labor might increase initially as more workers are hired because A) the first workers hired get to use the best equipment. B) specialization allows a worker to focus on one task, thereby increasing her proficiency at that task. c the best workers are hired first and later hires are not as skillful. Dj beyond some point, a firm has hired too many workers.GM cuts jobs at its Australian manufacturing unit GM will cut 500 jobs, or about 12% of its workforce, at its Australian plant because of a sharp fall in demand for its locally-made "Cruze" small car. Source: The Wall Street Journal, April 8, 2013 As GM cuts its workforce, how will the marginal product and average product of a worker change in the short run? Suppose that before the cuts the marginal product of GM workers is below their average product. As the number of workers decreases, the marginal product of a GM worker and the average product of a GM worker in the short run. increases; decreases does not change; does not change decreases; decreases increases; increases decreases; increases
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