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- 1) A mathematical (differential equation) representation for a metapopulation can be written as dp/dt = cp(1- p) - ep where p is the proportion of patches occupied at time t, c is the rate of patch colonization, and e is the rate of patch extinction. The term on the left hand side is the ‘rate of change in the proportion of patches occupied.’ The first term on the right hand side of the equation provides the effective gain in patch occupancy as a function of p due to the colonization process, and the term in parentheses represents the fraction of patches not currently occupied. The second right hand side term provides the effective loss of patch occupancy due to the (local) extinction process. a) Look at the term for the colonization process. How would you modify this term if you wanted to capture the idea that habitat loss destroyed (i.e., made uninhabitable) a proportion D from the patches that are available for colonization ? b) What value of D guarantees complete extinction of…What are the features of eastern hemlock to dominate Synder-Middleswarth Natural Area? please do not copy from others or i will downvoteName the five assumptions of the Hardy–Weinbergequilibrium and, for each one, explain what happens in apopulation in which that condition is not met
- White bedstraw naturally lives in alkaline soils, and heath bedstraw naturally lives in acidic soils. Tansley tested whether these closely related species compete and how the might coexist. Schematic results of his experiments are shown below. These results support that_ Heath bedstraw grown alone White bedstraw grown alone Both species grown together 239 Alkaline soil ✓Closely related species compete Closely related species don't compete Acidic soil Closely related species can co-exist by living on different soil types Relyea, Ecology, 9e, © 2021 W. H. Freeman and CompanyExplain the concept of metapopulations. Discuss the role of source and sink populations in contributing to the metapopulation structure.Species 1 2 3 5. A biologist notices that plants growing in dense thickets of vegetation (uncleared areas) tend to be much smaller than when they are grown in isolation in cleared areas in his garden. As they are a very cool gardener, in addition to being a very cool person in general, they do an experiment and observe the following for five plant species: 4 5 Biomass of the species in uncleared areas (g) 19 14 14 29 50 Biomass of the species in cleared areas (g) 20 34 48 39 51 Explain these results and the concept behind them thoroughly, including in quantitative terms
- Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explainthis variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differencesbetween populations of plants found at different elevations.(2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assumetall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors.If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and highelevations, how would you test these hypotheses?U.S. coral reef ecosystems cover less than one percent of the Earth's surface yet are among the most diverse and productive communities on Earth. We rely on reef ecosystems for food, shelter, tourism, and recreation. Despite the importance of reefs, these ecosystems are in trouble. Scientists are working to understand the extent of and reasons for the decline of coral reefs and to provide managers with more effective ways to protect them. A. Think of the distributions of stony coral and how it seems to be the most prominent. A scientist wants to figure out if this has to do with the stony coral growing on multiple substrates. i. Identify a reasonable hypothesis that would help guide the scientist to their answer. ii. Identify the dependent variable in your proposed hypothesis. iii. Explain how the results of the experiment might be affected by other influences in the ecosystem. B. Use the map to identify the following: i. Identify the predominant locations where coral reefs are…Please answer question 3