1. Which of the following study designs can account for confounding by variables that have not been measured? A. Prospective Cohort B. Randomized Controlled Trial C. Cross-Sectional D. Case-Control
1. Which of the following study designs can account for confounding by variables that have not been measured?
A. Prospective Cohort
B. Randomized Controlled Trial
C. Cross-Sectional
D. Case-Control
2. Suppose these same investigators now want to conduct a study to examine whether loss of 20 or more teeth is a risk factor for stroke. Should they consider hypertension to be a confounding variable?
[see attachment]
A. Yes
B. No
E. None of the above
3. Participants were recruited who resided close to a large urban hospital. For this study, the most relevant consequence of this methodological choice:
[see attachment]
A. Reduced losses to follow-up
B. Reduced generalizability
C. Reduced power
D. Reduced Hawthorne effect
4. Which of the following tests is the best choicce to test the null hypothesis that the unasjusted prevalence of hypertension is the same among partiicpants with fewer than 20 teeth and 20 or more teeth?
A. Unpaired t-test, B. Paired t-test, C. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), D. Chi-square test, E. Wilcoxon rank-sum test
5. What is the unadjusted prevalence ratio for hypertension, comparing those with fewer than 20 teeth to those with 20 or more teeth? [see attachment]
A. 0.33 B. 0.75 C. 1.5 D. 3.0 E. 20%
6. This study is: A. Descriptive
B. Observational C. Prospective D. AandB
E. A,B,andC
7. This study is: A. Case-Control
B. Retrospective Cohort C. Cross-Sectional
D. Prospective Cohort E. Field Trial
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