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- Which ONE of the following best describes nitrofurantoin? Select one: A. A macrolide antimicrobial agent B. An antimicrobial prodrug C. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. D. Useful in treating systemic infections E. A nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Which ONE of the following best describes cephalexin? Select one: A. The bacterial target is located on the internal side of the cytoplasmic membrane B. An agent suitable for community use C. Resistance readily occurs via drug efflux in Gram-positive bacteria D. A parenteral penicillin E. An agent capable of disrupting bacterial membranes Which ONE of the following best describes ciprofloxacin? Select one: A. Active against Streptococcus pneumoniae B. An inhibitor of RNA synthesis C. An antimicrobial prodrug D. A natural product produced by Streptomyces spp. E. Subject to new restrictions and precautions for use due to very rare reports of…Which of the following pairs are not correctly matched? Select one: a. Transient flora - removed easily by hand washing b. Pathogenic bacteria - can’t be reduced by hand washing c. Resident flora - not removed by antiseptic but inhibited for 24hs d. Effective hand washing - reduction of infectionMany antibacterial hand soaps contain the chemical agent _____ , which belongs to the _____ antimicrobial category. a. sodium hypochlorite; halogen b. triclosan; phenolic c. sodium chlorite; halogen d. ethanol; alcohol
- 3. Sulbactam is a. - In 2-3 sentences, explain why this is your answer. a. B-lactam antibiotic b. B lactamase c. B lactamase inhibitor d. a class of penicillin. 4. Which of the following is not a sugar molecule of the O-antigen of gram negative bacteria? In 2-3 sentences, explain why this is your answer. a. tyvelose b. abequose c. 2 keto3-deoxyoctanoate d. teichoic acid25. A positive bile esculin test results in the formation of a a. Black; Group D streptococci b. Pink; Staphylococcus aureus c. Black; H₂S production d. Clear; Group D streptococci Bromthymol Blue Part B: Short Answer 26. We have used several pH indicators in this class. Correctly fill out the table below with what color each of the pH indicators will turn. (6pts) pH indicator Acidic conditions Phenol Red Methyl Red yom AAH antigen binding site. color and identifies Y Alkaline (basic conditions 27. Label the picture below with the antigen binding site, Fc region, and Fab region (note: you only have to label one of each) (3pts) dowala Fbregion fe region JAll of the following statements are correct regarding normal flora except Select one: a. The majority of skin normal flora is aerobic bacteria b. The majority of oral and intestinal normal flora are anaerobic bacteria c.The majority of normal flora is bacteria present in the large intestine d. Normal flora is only bacteria
- 2. A pharmacologist discovers a new fungal metabolite with unusual antimicrobial properties. It naturally concentrates in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes of cells and directly kills microorganisms (eg, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that are normally resistant to degradation in the phagolysosomes. It has the undesirable effect of raising the pH within phagolysosomes. Which of the following processes will be primarily affected? A) Class I MHC molecule peptide loading o B) Class II MHC molecule peptide loading C) B-Microglobulin surface expression D) Peptide binding to TCRaß E) Peptide binding to TCRYSWhich of the following is antiviral drug? O a. Penicillin O b. Streptomycin O c. Acyclovir O d. AllA unique characteristic of many isolates of Pseudomonas useful in identifi cation is a. fecal odor c. drug resistance b. fl uorescent green pigment d. motility
- What staining is used for this microspecimen? a. Methilen blu b. Toluidin blu c. Eosinophilin d. Eosin e. Hematoxilin O f. PAS-ABANSWER BOTH ITEMS WITH EXPLANATION1. what becterial cell structure serves as the site of antibacterial action?a. cell membraneb. nuclear membranec. cytoplasmd. cell wall2. During the bacterial locomotion, the direction depends on the rotation of the flagellum. when a bacterial cell tumbles, the rotation of the flagellum isa. ccb. ccwc. bothd. neither1.) Which of the following are criteria for antibiotics? ( Select all that apple) A. Kill viruses B. Chemical substances produced by a microscope C. Effective in small doses D. Stops the growth or kills other microorganisms. 2) which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis? ( select all that apply) A. Gentamicin B. Amoxicillin C. Erythromycin D. Tetracycline