1. What is a fact? How are scientific facts established?

Social Psychology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134641287
Author:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Publisher:Elliot Aronson, Timothy D. Wilson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers
Chapter1: Introducing Social Psychology
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1. What is a fact? How are scientific facts established? 2. Does this section’s blog post reflect scientific facts, unwarranted opinions, or anecdotes? Provide specific examples of each in the post if you find them. 3. Does the blog post emphasize villains, victims, and heroes? If so, identify and list them. 4. Identify one to two statements in the blog post that you can refute using scientific data from Table 2. Provide details/data from the table to support your repudiation. 5. Speculate on the validity of the following statement from the post: “Our babies would be protected from many/ most infectious diseases if their mothers were allowed to have natural immunity and pass it to their babies in breast milk, and we had true herd immunity through adults who had life-long natural immunity.” 6. To develop “natural” immunity as described by the poster, one would likely need to develop an infectious disease. Discuss/brainstorm ideas concerning the public health and economic implications of treating disease in the population versus vaccinating the population. 

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Part IV – It's About the Herd
-
In response to the 2014-2015 measles "outbreak" in California that originated in Disneyland, Governor Jerry
Brown signed a bill (SB 277) that "eliminates religious and philosophical exemptions" to required school
vaccines. Consequently, only documented health objections are accepted to opt-out of childhood vaccines
required for admission to public school in California. Home schooled students remain exempt. During
deliberation of the bill, vaccine compliance supporters found a good example for their cause, seven-year-old
Rhett Krawitt, a leukemia patient who was not able to be protected through routine vaccination because of his
weakened immune system. Ryan's parents boldly asked school authorities to ban unvaccinated children from
school attendance because they posed a threat to Rhett's health.
The entire family later testified in support of SB 277.
6
Rhett Krawitt's situation emphasized that the community should not only be concerned about individual
children and vaccine preventable disease but also about members of the community who need to be protected
but can't receive vaccination. If a majority (for measles it is 95% but the percentage differs for various infectious
diseases) of a population is vaccinated, infectious agents cannot find susceptible hosts, thus outbreaks typically
die out in a short time frame and morbidity and mortality are kept low. This is known as herd immunity (also
called community immunity).
But social media posts reveal that not everyone agrees on or accepts the important role of herd immunity, as
strongly stated in the blog post below.
The fact is that CDC works for big pharma/special interests not public safety as the CDC whistle blower documents
prove. The fact is that this is about money not public safety. The fact is that some of these vaccines have little
benefit/effectiveness and serious risks. The fact is real natural immunity and vaccine derived immunity are not the
same thing at all and our babies would be protected from many/most infectious diseases if their mothers were
allowed to have natural immunity and pass it to their babies in breast milk, and we had true herd im- munity
through adults who had life- long natural immunity. The fact is vaccine induced immunity typically does not hold
for long and often misses the target, and the neurotoxins and foreign ingredients/DNA, etc. are causing a
generation of allergic/arthritic/immune system damaged children and adults. The fact is immunocompromised
children can die from cold or flu viruses and bacteria so there is always risk when they leave their homes and go
into a school/ public setting and no amount of vaccination will remove those risks. -Aug 2015
7
Let's consider the above post in the context of previously presented information and Table 2, which displays
information on vaccine efficacy in Great Britain (England and Wales).
Table 2. Impact of Selected Vaccine Introduction on Disease Incidence in Great Britain!
Pre-vaccine
Cases
Vaccine Introduc-
Cases 2014
96 Reduction
Location
Disease
8.
tion Year
5
Transcribed Image Text:7 / 9 72% + | Part IV – It's About the Herd - In response to the 2014-2015 measles "outbreak" in California that originated in Disneyland, Governor Jerry Brown signed a bill (SB 277) that "eliminates religious and philosophical exemptions" to required school vaccines. Consequently, only documented health objections are accepted to opt-out of childhood vaccines required for admission to public school in California. Home schooled students remain exempt. During deliberation of the bill, vaccine compliance supporters found a good example for their cause, seven-year-old Rhett Krawitt, a leukemia patient who was not able to be protected through routine vaccination because of his weakened immune system. Ryan's parents boldly asked school authorities to ban unvaccinated children from school attendance because they posed a threat to Rhett's health. The entire family later testified in support of SB 277. 6 Rhett Krawitt's situation emphasized that the community should not only be concerned about individual children and vaccine preventable disease but also about members of the community who need to be protected but can't receive vaccination. If a majority (for measles it is 95% but the percentage differs for various infectious diseases) of a population is vaccinated, infectious agents cannot find susceptible hosts, thus outbreaks typically die out in a short time frame and morbidity and mortality are kept low. This is known as herd immunity (also called community immunity). But social media posts reveal that not everyone agrees on or accepts the important role of herd immunity, as strongly stated in the blog post below. The fact is that CDC works for big pharma/special interests not public safety as the CDC whistle blower documents prove. The fact is that this is about money not public safety. The fact is that some of these vaccines have little benefit/effectiveness and serious risks. The fact is real natural immunity and vaccine derived immunity are not the same thing at all and our babies would be protected from many/most infectious diseases if their mothers were allowed to have natural immunity and pass it to their babies in breast milk, and we had true herd im- munity through adults who had life- long natural immunity. The fact is vaccine induced immunity typically does not hold for long and often misses the target, and the neurotoxins and foreign ingredients/DNA, etc. are causing a generation of allergic/arthritic/immune system damaged children and adults. The fact is immunocompromised children can die from cold or flu viruses and bacteria so there is always risk when they leave their homes and go into a school/ public setting and no amount of vaccination will remove those risks. -Aug 2015 7 Let's consider the above post in the context of previously presented information and Table 2, which displays information on vaccine efficacy in Great Britain (England and Wales). Table 2. Impact of Selected Vaccine Introduction on Disease Incidence in Great Britain! Pre-vaccine Cases Vaccine Introduc- Cases 2014 96 Reduction Location Disease 8. tion Year 5
9230507
7 / 9
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-
Part -What le a Vaccine and What is in
Table 2. Impact of Selected Vaccine Introduction on Disease Incidence in Great Britain'.
Pre-vaccine
Cases?
Vaccine Introduc-
Cases 2014
96 Reduction
Location
Disease
tion Year
50,804
1
99.9%
Eng./Wales
1942
Diphtheria
Pertussis
92,407
3,506
96.0%
Eng.Wales
1957
1968
Measles
460,407
130
99.9%
Eng.Wales
1992
Haemophilus influenzae B infection
862
12
99.0%
Eng.
1999
Group Cinvasive meningococcal disease
883
28
97.0%
Eng.
2006
Invasive pneumococcal disease
3,552
858
76.0%
Eng./Wales
"Souce: Vaccine Knowledge Project, Oxford Vaccine Group. <http://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vaccines>
Cases per year in the year prior to vaccine introduction.
Questions
1. What is a fact? How are scientific facts established?
6.
2. Does this section's blog post reflect scientific facts, unwarranted opinions, or anecdotes? Provide specific
examples of each in the post if you find them.
3. Does the blog post emphasize villains, victims, and heroes? If so, identify and list them.
7
4. Identify one to two statements in the blog post that you can refute using scientific data from Table 2. Provide
details/data from the table to support your repudiation.
5. Speculate on the validity of the following statement from the post: "Our babies would be protected from
many/ most infectious diseases if their mothers were allowed to have natural immunity and pass it to their
babies in breast milk, and we had true herd immunity through adults who had life-long natural immunity."
6. To develop “natural" immunity as described by the poster, one would likely need to develop an infectious
disease. Discuss/brainstorm ideas concerning the public health and economic implications of treating disease in
the population versus vaccinating the population.
8
Transcribed Image Text:9230507 7 / 9 72% + - Part -What le a Vaccine and What is in Table 2. Impact of Selected Vaccine Introduction on Disease Incidence in Great Britain'. Pre-vaccine Cases? Vaccine Introduc- Cases 2014 96 Reduction Location Disease tion Year 50,804 1 99.9% Eng./Wales 1942 Diphtheria Pertussis 92,407 3,506 96.0% Eng.Wales 1957 1968 Measles 460,407 130 99.9% Eng.Wales 1992 Haemophilus influenzae B infection 862 12 99.0% Eng. 1999 Group Cinvasive meningococcal disease 883 28 97.0% Eng. 2006 Invasive pneumococcal disease 3,552 858 76.0% Eng./Wales "Souce: Vaccine Knowledge Project, Oxford Vaccine Group. <http://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vaccines> Cases per year in the year prior to vaccine introduction. Questions 1. What is a fact? How are scientific facts established? 6. 2. Does this section's blog post reflect scientific facts, unwarranted opinions, or anecdotes? Provide specific examples of each in the post if you find them. 3. Does the blog post emphasize villains, victims, and heroes? If so, identify and list them. 7 4. Identify one to two statements in the blog post that you can refute using scientific data from Table 2. Provide details/data from the table to support your repudiation. 5. Speculate on the validity of the following statement from the post: "Our babies would be protected from many/ most infectious diseases if their mothers were allowed to have natural immunity and pass it to their babies in breast milk, and we had true herd immunity through adults who had life-long natural immunity." 6. To develop “natural" immunity as described by the poster, one would likely need to develop an infectious disease. Discuss/brainstorm ideas concerning the public health and economic implications of treating disease in the population versus vaccinating the population. 8
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