1. What is a capacitor and what is it used for? 2. How do capacitors work? 3. Draw 3 different schematic symbols that represent a type of capacitor.
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Capacitors (originally called electrical condensers) are analog electrical components that can collect and store electrical energy. As a direct current flows into a capacitor, it charges with energy and releases an alternating current flow back into the circuit.
Most capacitors have a positive and negative terminal in the form of legs, pads, or plates. Current flows into one of these legs, through the capacitor's body, and out of the other leg.
These components give engineers the ability to control electrical energy within a circuit. voltage spikes get ironed out, and energy can be stored for later use, all using clever chemistry inside the capacitor itself.
Capacitors are often compared to batteries, but they are quite different. Unlike batteries, you can discharge a capacitor almost instantly, and they aren't made for long-term energy storage.
Uses Of Capacitor
Capacitors are used to store electrical energy, for example when a large amount of current is needed in a short time. Camera flash attachments commonly used capacitors. Because capacitors in circuits with resistance have a known rate of charging and discharging, capacitors can be used in timing circuits. Also, just as a spring, a device that stores mechanical energy, has a characteristic frequency when it oscillates with a certain amount of mass attached, so capacitors in circuits with inductors will have a certain characteristic frequency of oscillation. They are thus very useful when it is desirable to work with certain frequencies or a certain range of frequencies. Capacitors can be used in filtering circuits, to eliminate 60 Hz “hum” for example.
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