1. What group of organic compounds does caffeine belong to? 2. Draw the structure of caffeine as a line formula. Redraw the structure of caffeine, showing all carbon and hydrogen atoms. 3. What is the molecular formula for caffeine? Use the molecular formula of caffeine to calculate its molecular weight.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
The field of chemistry which deals with the studies of reactions, structures, and properties of organic compounds that comprise carbon bonded through covalent bonding is organic chemistry. The studies regarding the structure of organic compounds could be determined with the help of structural formulas. In order to know about the behavior of organic compounds, a study on the properties has to be done. Both physical properties and chemical properties, the origin of chemical reactivity come under the study regarding the properties of organic compounds. The chemical preparation of polymers, drugs, natural products, and the study of separate organic molecules in the lab come under the study of organic reactions.
Vinyl Group
Vinyl group is the name given to the functional group of -CH=CH2. It can be seen as an ethene molecule with one less hydrogen in number. Hence it is also called as ethenyl group at times.
Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
The requirement to identify each compound needs a richer number of words than informative prefixes like n and iso. The identification of organic molecules is made easier by the use of systematic nomenclature schemes. The organic chemistry nomenclature has two types: traditional and systematic. Common names arise in many forms, but share the characteristic that a link through name and form is unnecessary. The name that matches a certain structure clearly must be remembered as knowing a person's name. In contrast, systemic names, including an overall common set of laws, are locked specifically to the chemical structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Following are few examples of alkenes with their general molecular as well as their structural formulas:
Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule is called conjugation in organic chemistry. This delocalisation process of electrons leads to the shortenings or elongations of chemical bonds, but at the same time it causes changes in the chemical properties in conjugated molecules as compared to the non-conjugated ones. For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths.
Alpha Carbon And Alpha Protons
The carbon directly attached to the functional group in an organic molecule is referred to as the alpha carbon and the hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon are termed as the alpha hydrogens or alpha protons. These alpha carbon atoms and alpha hydrogen atoms are of importance because they undergo certain characteristic reactions in organic chemistry.
1. What group of organic compounds does caffeine belong to?
2. Draw the structure of caffeine as a line formula. Redraw the structure of caffeine,
showing all carbon and hydrogen atoms.
3. What is the molecular formula for caffeine? Use the molecular formula of caffeine to
calculate its molecular weight.
4. What does it mean for two solvents to be immiscible?
5. On the report sheet, you calculated your percent recovery of caffeine.
b. A group of students have their percent yield more than 100%, give at least one reason
why it was more than 100%. Do NOT simply say “human error.” Be specific about the types
of errors (human or otherwise) that may have occurred, leading to a recovery more than eor
equal to 100% (Is this possible Why?)
dense than water? Explain your reasoning.
7. Based on what happened in this experiment, is caffeine more soluble in water OR more
soluble in dichloromethane? Explain your reasoning.
8. Ethanol is miscible with water. (After all, alcoholic beverages don t separate into an “alcohol‟
layer” and a “water layer.”) Assuming that caffeine is soluble in ethanol, could you use
ethanol as a solvent to extract caffeine from coffee (rather than using dichloromethane as
the extraction solvent)? Explain why or why not.
9. A 12 oz can of Coke contains 46 mg of caffeine. One fluid ounce is equivalent to 29.57 mL
(1 oz = 29.57 mL). What is the concentration of caffeine in Coke, in units of mg/mL? Show
your work.
10. What is an alkaloid?
think would happen if we used it during our simulation?
12. Why caffeine has 178oC as point of sublimation but 237oC as melting point? How
can you find the melting point of caffeine?
13. What should you do if there is a question about which layer is the organic one
during an extraction procedure?
14. How do you know you have the right compound? Comment on the test you
have done or would have done in order to determine your product is the
right compound.
between water and methylene chloride. If you do not have access to data, how will
you determine which layer is organic and which is aqueous.
16. List the advantages and disadvantages List the advantages and disadvantages of
sublimation as a purification technique.
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