1. Water is frequently disinfected with chlorine gas, forming hypochlorous acid (HOCI), which partially ionizes to hypochlorite (OCI) and hydrogen ions as follows: HOCI H+ + OCI- The concentration of HOCI, which is the desired disinfectant, depends on the water pH. a) Write the equations to express the two ionization fractions for HOCI, that is, ao and ai.

1. Water is frequently disinfected with chlorine gas, forming hypochlorous acid (HOCI), which partially ionizes to hypochlorite (OCI) and hydrogen ions as follows: HOCI H+ + OCI- The concentration of HOCI, which is the desired disinfectant, depends on the water pH. a) Write the equations to express the two ionization fractions for HOCI, that is, ao and ai.

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Specify the conditions under which (a) a real gas can be treated as an ideal gas (b) a real gas…

Q: Convert the concentration of SO2 from 80 pg m temperature of 25°C and a pressure of 101.325 kPa. to…

A: ppm = Conversions are needed to calculate the volume of So2 in cubic meters.

Q: Mg(s) |Mg2+ || NO3- (acid soln)| NO(g) How many total electrons are transferred in this REDOX…

Q: In wastewater treatment plants, ammonium ion is removed from the water by raising the pH to form…

A: a) The equilibrium reaction that describes the process of ammonium conversion to ammonia is given as

Q: 1-6. Įn a biological waste treatment system, solids may enter (b) Solids decay in the reactor at a…

A: Consider the given equation rs=-k1s2XS2+KsWhere,X=VSS concentration in the reactorAlsok1=8 mg DOCmg…

Q: Some wastewater has a BOD, of 180 mg/L at 20°C. The reaction rate K at that temperature has heen…

Q: Which group of constituents is considered nutrients? Nitrate, chloride, and ammonia O Phosphorous,…

Q: (iii) If HOCI (hypochlorous acid) degrades in water per first-order kinetics with a rate constant of…

Q: The following chemical parameter has the lowest allowable concentration in drinking water: O Arsenic…

A: Fluoride in drinking water Fluoride in drinking water refers to the presence of the naturally…

Q: Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all relevant C species if an action releases methane…

A: We have to determine the value of equilibrium concentrations of all relavent C species if an action…

Q: The most important buffer system in water is the carbon dioxide system of acid/base reactions.…

A: Alkalinity of any solution defined as the ability to neutralise the H+ ions in the solution. here…

Q: Which of the following add DO to water body? Photosynthesis Respiration by aquatic organism…

A: This question is related to the Environment and waster water Engineering.

Q: For a solution with a pH equal to 9.5, express the concentrations of H+ and OH- in units of meq/L…

Q: The concentration of NO₂ in the air at STP is observed as 0.45 ppm. At STP, 1 mole of any gas…

A: The concentration of NO2 in the air at STP is observed as 0.45 ppm.At STP, 1 mole of any gas…

Q: Determine the concentration of hydrogen ion and the hydroxide ion (in mg/L) of a solution that has a…

A: Data: Given :pH = 9.1 To find:H+ = ?OH- =?

Q: us PO4 us F, Cl, Br, or I ent only g minerals: Formula CaSO4

A: mineral groups are given as silicates carbonates sulfates sulfides oxides hydroxide phosphates…

Q: ) Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions *Select a concentration between 0.10 and 0.58 d)…

A: Calculation Solution of answer is in second step

Q: Activated carbon is being used in a batch process to remove pesticides from a rural water supply.…

A: The removal efficiency of pesticide in the next batch of water to be treated will be poor because…

Q: What is the calculated value of the cell potential at 298K for an electrochemical cell with the…

A: Solution; Given Data; EAg+/Ay=+0.80, E°Al3+/Al=-1.66 vTherefore E°ceu=+0.80-(-1.66)…

Q: How can you tell if a precipitate has formed in solution? - Bubbles will form in the solution. -…

A: We are authorized to answer one parts at a time, since you have not mentioned which part you are…

Q: The solubility product for the dissociation of Mg(OH), is 9 x 10-12. Determine the concentration of…

Concept explainers

Reactions with Materials

Limestone

Question

1. Water is frequently disinfected with chlorine gas, forming hypochlorous acid (HOCI), which partially
ionizes to hypochlorite (OCI) and hydrogen ions as follows:
HOCI H+ + OCI-
The concentration of HOCI, which is the desired disinfectant, depends on the water pH.
a) Write the equations to express the two ionization fractions for HOCI, that is, ao and ai.
b) Plot ionization fractions vs pH, clearly identifying a regions and pKa, at 25 °C.
c) Plot speciation of HOCI vs pH (log[OCI] vs pH) for a Croci-= 0.05, clearly identifying regions and
pKa, at 25 °C.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps with 2 images

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, civil-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

With the increased use of chloramines (e.g., NH2CI) as a residual disinfectant in water supply, ammonia concentrations in drinking water have increased. Nitrifying microorganisms use ammonia (NH4) as an electron donor (oxidized to NO) and oxygen (Oz) as an electron acceptor (reduced to H2O) in a process known as nitrification. The microorganisms use inorganic carbon (dissolved COz and HCO3) as their carbon sources. These microorganisms can be classified as ( )? A. photoautotroph B. chemoautotroph C. chemoheterotroph
State if the following statements are True or False. Edit the False statement with an appropriate statementa. ( ) To check the charge neutrality, we can compare the sum of the molar concentrations of cations and anions.b. ( ) The indicator microorganism for contamination of drinking water is Cryptosporidium parvus
This type of survey supplies the data necessary to determine the alignment, grading, and earthwork quantities for the design and construction of various engineering projects such as roads, railroads, pipelines, and utilities a. Preliminary Surveys b. Route Surveys c. Location Surveys d. None of the above
5-18. The solubility product of calcium fluoride (CaF2) is 3.45 x 10-" at 25°C. Will a fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg/L be soluble in a water containing 200 mg/L of calcium?
Consider the equilibrium system described by the chemical reaction below. A 1.00 L reaction vessel was filled with 2.00 mol SO2 and 2.00 mol NO2 and allowed to react at a high temperature. At equilibrium, there were 1.30 mol of NO in the vessel. Determine the concentrations of all reactants and products at equilibrium and then calculate the value of Kc for this reaction. SO:(g) + NO2(g)= SO:(g) + NO(g) 1 2 NEXT Based on the given values, fill in the ICE table to determine concentrations of all reactants and products. SO:(g) NO:(g) SO:(g) NO(g) + + Initial (M) Change (M) Equilibrium (M) RESET +x -X 1.00 2.00 1.30 -1.00 -1.30 2.30 2.70 0.70 1.35 2.00 - x 2.00 + x Activa Go to Se 1L