1. The function P(x) = e-² is fundamental in probability. (a) Sketch the graph of P(x). Explain why it is called a "bell curve." (b) Compute I = Le e-2² de using the following brilliant strategy of Gauss: i. Instead of computing I, compute 1² = ( ²² dx) (e-² dy). -z² ii. Rewrite 1² as an integral of the form f(x,y) dA where R is the entire Cartesian plane. iii. Convert that integral to polar coordinates. iv. Evaluate to find 1². Deduce the value of I. Amazingly, it can be mathematically proven that there is NO elementary function Q(x) (that is, function built up from sines, cosines, exponentials, and roots using "usual" operations) for which Q'(x) = P(x).

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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1. The function P(x) = e¯ is fundamental in probability.
(a) Sketch the graph of P(x). Explain why it is called a "bell curve."
(b) Compute I = Love dx using the following brilliant strategy of Gauss:
i. Instead of computing I, compute 1² = (
- (L-²" de) (L-² dy).
dx
ii. Rewrite 12 as an integral of the form fff(x,y) dA where R is the entire Cartesian plane.
iii. Convert that integral to polar coordinates.
iv. Evaluate to find I2. Deduce the value of I.
Amazingly, it can be mathematically proven that there is NO elementary function Q(x) (that is, function
built up from sines, cosines, exponentials, and roots using "usual" operations) for which Q'(x) = P(x).
Transcribed Image Text:1. The function P(x) = e¯ is fundamental in probability. (a) Sketch the graph of P(x). Explain why it is called a "bell curve." (b) Compute I = Love dx using the following brilliant strategy of Gauss: i. Instead of computing I, compute 1² = ( - (L-²" de) (L-² dy). dx ii. Rewrite 12 as an integral of the form fff(x,y) dA where R is the entire Cartesian plane. iii. Convert that integral to polar coordinates. iv. Evaluate to find I2. Deduce the value of I. Amazingly, it can be mathematically proven that there is NO elementary function Q(x) (that is, function built up from sines, cosines, exponentials, and roots using "usual" operations) for which Q'(x) = P(x).
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