1. The following equation below shows the production of glucose and galactose from lactose. OH CH₂OH OH CH₂OH OH OH OH Lactase H₂O OH OH Lactose a. What type of chemical reaction is shown? ✓ CH₂OH OH OH OH D-Galactose OH CH₂OH OH OH D-Glucose OH b. Glucose and galactose are types of monosaccharides. Give two other examples of monosaccharides. ✔✔ c. Experiments show that when the enzyme lactase is mixed with lactose, the rate of reaction is highest at 48°C. However, in food processing, lactase is used at much lower temperatures, usually 5 °C. Suggestion two reasons for using lactase at lower temperatures. ✓
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
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