1. The figure shows a flownet for steady seepage between the ground surface and an excavation which has been braced by two sheet piles of unequal length. Estimate (a) the total flow rate into the excavation (b) the maximum exit gradient. Indicate on the figure where the maximum exit gradient will occur. (c) the water pressure at the tip of each pile (Ans: a) Q = 3 × 10-6 m³/s/m; b) ie = 0.34; c) PL = 85.0 kPa, PR = 150.4 kPa) dimensions in metres k=10-6 m/s 10 V I 3 15 A 20

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.