1. Suppose that in order to engage in some legitimate business, entrepreneurs need permission from a two-level hierarchy of government officials, A and B. However, to receive the permit, they have to bribe the
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![1. Suppose that in order to engage in some
legitimate business, entrepreneurs need
permission from a two-level hierarchy of
government officials, A and B. However, to
receive the permit, they have to bribe the
officials. Suppose that the number of
entrepreneurs, N, who choose to engage in
the said business is a declining function of
the total bribe needed to obtain the permit.
That is, N = 600 – 5(x + y), where x and y
are the bribes demanded by A and B
respectively.
(b) If the officials can collude, what bribe
will they demand?
(c) Some have argued that centralized
corruption is less harmful than
decentralized corruption. Carefully explain
how you will verify this claim in this simple
model.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fe7a1c65f-28b5-42a1-ba29-b0e05a0006b8%2Fb8be49b4-d72e-4f42-9a31-749c70531c43%2Fg6c4e67_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Based on the theory of rational ignorance, what should we expect to happen to voter turnout as the internet makes information easier to obtain?Critics of command-and-control policy often argue that regulationsare costly to business and industry, yet cost-benefitanalyses (p. 94) repeatedly show that regulations bring citizensmore benefits than costs, overall. Each year the U.S. Officeof Management and Budget assesses costs and benefits ofmajor federal regulations of administrative agencies. Resultsfrom the most recent report, covering the decade from 2003to 2013, are presented in the table (shown are averages fromranges of estimates). Subtract costs from benefits, and enterthese values for each agency in the third column. Divide benefitsby costs, and enter these values in the fourth column. What percentage of total benefits from regulations comesfrom EPA regulations? Most of the benefits and costs fromEPA regulations are from air pollution rules resulting fromthe Clean Air Act and its amendments. Judging solely bythese data, would you say that Clean Air Act legislationhas been a success or a failure for U.S. citizens? Why?Critics of command-and-control policy often argue that regulationsare costly to business and industry, yet cost-benefitanalyses (p. 94) repeatedly show that regulations bring citizensmore benefits than costs, overall. Each year the U.S. Officeof Management and Budget assesses costs and benefits ofmajor federal regulations of administrative agencies. Resultsfrom the most recent report, covering the decade from 2003to 2013, are presented in the table (shown are averages fromranges of estimates). Subtract costs from benefits, and enterthese values for each agency in the third column. Divide benefitsby costs, and enter these values in the fourth column. Which agency’s regulations have the greatest excess ofbenefits over costs? Which agency’s regulations have thegreatest ratio of benefits to costs?
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