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1. Sn, HCI A 2. OH HNO3 Cl2 H2SO4 FeCl3

1. Sn, HCI A 2. OH HNO3 Cl2 H2SO4 FeCl3

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give the major organic product(s) that is (are) produced by each step of the following sequence of reactions
### Chemical Reaction Pathway #### Step-by-Step Reaction Sequence: 1. **Starting Compound (Benzene Ring):** - The diagram initiates with a benzene ring, signifying the starting material. 2. **Formation of Compound A:** - The first reaction involves the nitration of benzene using nitric acid (**HNO3**) and sulfuric acid (**H2SO4**), which results in the formation of Compound A. This step is indicated by the single arrow pointing from the benzene ring to Compound A. 3. **Formation of Compound B:** - Compound A undergoes a two-step reduction process. First, it is treated with tin (Sn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), followed by the addition of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This reaction sequence converts Compound A to Compound B. - The notation "1. Sn, HCl; 2. OH⁻" clearly annotates this two-step process leading to the creation of Compound B. 4. **Formation of Compound C:** - Compound B is then subjected to chlorination by reacting it with chlorine gas (**Cl2**) in the presence of ferric chloride (FeCl3), resulting in the formation of Compound C. An arrow from Compound B to Compound C indicates this transformation. #### Notations and Conditions: - **Reagents and Conditions:** - **HNO3 and H2SO4**: Used for nitration of benzene. - **Sn, HCl, and OH⁻**: Used for reduction. - **Cl2 and FeCl3**: Used for chlorination. ### Summary: This reaction pathway illustrates a common synthetic route: 1. Starting from a benzene ring, nitration gives a nitrobenzene (Compound A). 2. The nitro group is then reduced to an amine group (Compound B). 3. Finally, the aniline derivative undergoes electrophilic chlorination to produce the corresponding chlorinated derivative (Compound C). These types of transformations are fundamental in organic chemistry synthesis, often used in laboratory and industrial processes to create various important chemical intermediates and products.
Transcribed Image Text:### Chemical Reaction Pathway #### Step-by-Step Reaction Sequence: 1. **Starting Compound (Benzene Ring):** - The diagram initiates with a benzene ring, signifying the starting material. 2. **Formation of Compound A:** - The first reaction involves the nitration of benzene using nitric acid (**HNO3**) and sulfuric acid (**H2SO4**), which results in the formation of Compound A. This step is indicated by the single arrow pointing from the benzene ring to Compound A. 3. **Formation of Compound B:** - Compound A undergoes a two-step reduction process. First, it is treated with tin (Sn) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), followed by the addition of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). This reaction sequence converts Compound A to Compound B. - The notation "1. Sn, HCl; 2. OH⁻" clearly annotates this two-step process leading to the creation of Compound B. 4. **Formation of Compound C:** - Compound B is then subjected to chlorination by reacting it with chlorine gas (**Cl2**) in the presence of ferric chloride (FeCl3), resulting in the formation of Compound C. An arrow from Compound B to Compound C indicates this transformation. #### Notations and Conditions: - **Reagents and Conditions:** - **HNO3 and H2SO4**: Used for nitration of benzene. - **Sn, HCl, and OH⁻**: Used for reduction. - **Cl2 and FeCl3**: Used for chlorination. ### Summary: This reaction pathway illustrates a common synthetic route: 1. Starting from a benzene ring, nitration gives a nitrobenzene (Compound A). 2. The nitro group is then reduced to an amine group (Compound B). 3. Finally, the aniline derivative undergoes electrophilic chlorination to produce the corresponding chlorinated derivative (Compound C). These types of transformations are fundamental in organic chemistry synthesis, often used in laboratory and industrial processes to create various important chemical intermediates and products.
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