1. Show that the real line is a metric space.

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ISBN:9780470458365
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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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Question. 1 and 2 pleas
Problems
1. Show that the real line is a metric space.
2. Does d(x, y) = (x-y" define a metric on the set of all real numbers?
3. Show that dix, y)= r-yl defines a metric on the set of all real
numbers.
4. Find all metries on a set X consisting of two points. Consisting of one
point.
5. Let d be a metric on X. Determine all constants k such that (i) kd,
(H) d+k is a metric on X.
6. Show that d in 1.1-6 satisfies the triangle inequality.
7. If A is the subspace of " consisting of all sequences of zeros and ones,
what is the induced metric on A?
8. Show that another metric d on the set X in 1.1-7 is defined by
9. Show that d in 1.1-8 is a metric.
1.2 Further Examples of Metric Spaces
10. (Hamming distance) Let X be the set of all ordered triples of zeros
and ones. Show that X consists of eight elements and a metric d on X
is detined by d(x, y) = number of places where x and y have different
entries. (This space and similar spaces of n-tuples play a role in
switching and automata theory and coding d(x, y) is called the Ham-
ming distance between x and y; ef. the paper by R. W. Hamming
(1950) listed in Appendix 3.)
11. Prove (1).
12. (Triangle inequality) The triangle incquality has several useful conse-
quences. For instance, using (1), show that
ld(x, y)-d(z, w)s d(x, 2) + d(y, w).
13. Using the triangle inequality, show that
|d(x, 2)- d(y, z)s d(x, y),
14. (Axioms of a metric) (M1) to (M4) could be replaced by other axioms
(without changing the definition). For instance, show that (M3) and
(M4) could be obtained from (M2) and
dix, y)s d(z, x)+ d(z, y).
15. Show that nonnegativity of a metric follows from (M2) to (M4),
Transcribed Image Text:Problems 1. Show that the real line is a metric space. 2. Does d(x, y) = (x-y" define a metric on the set of all real numbers? 3. Show that dix, y)= r-yl defines a metric on the set of all real numbers. 4. Find all metries on a set X consisting of two points. Consisting of one point. 5. Let d be a metric on X. Determine all constants k such that (i) kd, (H) d+k is a metric on X. 6. Show that d in 1.1-6 satisfies the triangle inequality. 7. If A is the subspace of " consisting of all sequences of zeros and ones, what is the induced metric on A? 8. Show that another metric d on the set X in 1.1-7 is defined by 9. Show that d in 1.1-8 is a metric. 1.2 Further Examples of Metric Spaces 10. (Hamming distance) Let X be the set of all ordered triples of zeros and ones. Show that X consists of eight elements and a metric d on X is detined by d(x, y) = number of places where x and y have different entries. (This space and similar spaces of n-tuples play a role in switching and automata theory and coding d(x, y) is called the Ham- ming distance between x and y; ef. the paper by R. W. Hamming (1950) listed in Appendix 3.) 11. Prove (1). 12. (Triangle inequality) The triangle incquality has several useful conse- quences. For instance, using (1), show that ld(x, y)-d(z, w)s d(x, 2) + d(y, w). 13. Using the triangle inequality, show that |d(x, 2)- d(y, z)s d(x, y), 14. (Axioms of a metric) (M1) to (M4) could be replaced by other axioms (without changing the definition). For instance, show that (M3) and (M4) could be obtained from (M2) and dix, y)s d(z, x)+ d(z, y). 15. Show that nonnegativity of a metric follows from (M2) to (M4),
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