1. Select the name of the test that should be used to assess if there is a relationship between seat belt use and ethnic group. OA. x2 test of independence OB. One-proportion z-test Oc. x² goodness of fit 2. Which of the following conditions must be met for the hypothesis test to be valid? Select all that apply. OA. The sample size must be at least 30 or the population data must be normally distributed. OB. There must be an expected count of at least 5 in every cell of the table. |C. The observations must be independent of one another. OD. There must be at least 10 "success" and 10 "failure" observations. 3. What is the expected value for the number of Hispanic drivers who were wearing a seat belt? Expected value =

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**Buckle up!** How does seat belt use vary with drivers' ethnic group? It is well known that location and gender (males are less likely to buckle up) are factors. Here is the data and the mosaic plot for a random sample of male drivers observed in Houston.

### Data Table
| Ethnic group of driver | Belted | Not Belted | Total |
|------------------------|--------|------------|-------|
| Black                  | 273    | 98         | 371   |
| Hispanic               | 380    | 162        | 542   |
| White                  | 199    | 67         | 266   |
| **Total**              | **852**| **327**    |**1179**|

### Mosaic Plot
The mosaic plot below visualizes the proportion of seat belt use (wearing vs. not wearing) among different ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, and White) of male drivers in Houston.

![Mosaic Plot]

#### Key Points:
- **x-axis:** Represents different ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, White).
- **y-axis:** Represents the use of seat belts (wearing a seat belt vs. not wearing a seat belt).
- **Green color:** Represents drivers who are wearing a seat belt.
- **Blue color:** Represents drivers who are not wearing a seat belt.
- The width of each section corresponds to the proportion of the total sample each ethnic group represents.

### Questions

1. Select the name of the test that should be used to assess if there is a relationship between seat belt use and ethnic group.
   - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence
   - B. One-proportion z-test
   - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit

2. Which of the following conditions must be met for the hypothesis test to be valid? Select all that apply.
   - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence
   - B. One-proportion z-test
   - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit
Transcribed Image Text:**Buckle up!** How does seat belt use vary with drivers' ethnic group? It is well known that location and gender (males are less likely to buckle up) are factors. Here is the data and the mosaic plot for a random sample of male drivers observed in Houston. ### Data Table | Ethnic group of driver | Belted | Not Belted | Total | |------------------------|--------|------------|-------| | Black | 273 | 98 | 371 | | Hispanic | 380 | 162 | 542 | | White | 199 | 67 | 266 | | **Total** | **852**| **327** |**1179**| ### Mosaic Plot The mosaic plot below visualizes the proportion of seat belt use (wearing vs. not wearing) among different ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, and White) of male drivers in Houston. ![Mosaic Plot] #### Key Points: - **x-axis:** Represents different ethnic groups (Black, Hispanic, White). - **y-axis:** Represents the use of seat belts (wearing a seat belt vs. not wearing a seat belt). - **Green color:** Represents drivers who are wearing a seat belt. - **Blue color:** Represents drivers who are not wearing a seat belt. - The width of each section corresponds to the proportion of the total sample each ethnic group represents. ### Questions 1. Select the name of the test that should be used to assess if there is a relationship between seat belt use and ethnic group. - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence - B. One-proportion z-test - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit 2. Which of the following conditions must be met for the hypothesis test to be valid? Select all that apply. - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence - B. One-proportion z-test - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit
**Chi-Square Test for Independence: An Educational Guide**

1. **Select the name of the test that should be used to assess if there is a relationship between seat belt use and ethnic group.**
   - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence
   - B. One-proportion z-test
   - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit

2. **Which of the following conditions must be met for the hypothesis test to be valid?** Select all that apply.
   - [ ] A. The sample size must be at least 30 or the population data must be normally distributed.
   - [ ] B. There must be an expected count of at least 5 in every cell of the table.
   - [ ] C. The observations must be independent of one another.
   - [ ] D. There must be at least 10 "success" and 10 "failure" observations.

3. **What is the expected value for the number of Hispanic drivers who were wearing a seat belt?**
   - Expected value = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \)

4. **State the degrees of freedom for this test.**
   - \( df = \_\_\_\_\_ \)

5. **Calculate the test statistic:**
   - Test statistic = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \)

6. **What was the contribution toward this test statistic of Hispanic drivers who were wearing a seat belt?**
   - Test statistic = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \)

7. **Calculate the p-value for this test.**
   - \( p = \_\_\_\_\_ \)

8. **Based on the above p-value, we have \_\_\_\_\_\_ evidence against the null hypothesis.**
   - [ ] No evidence
   - [ ] Weak evidence
   - [ ] Moderate evidence
   - [ ] Strong evidence

**Graph/Diagram Explanation:**
There are no visual graphs or diagrams in this content to describe in detail. The provided text is a series of multiple-choice and short answer questions aimed at guiding students through the process of understanding and conducting a chi-square test for independence.

**Usage Instructions:**
- For Question 1, students should identify the appropriate statistical test for the given scenario.
- For Question 2, multiple conditions must be evaluated to ensure the assumptions of the chi-square test are met.
- Questions 3 through 7 involve
Transcribed Image Text:**Chi-Square Test for Independence: An Educational Guide** 1. **Select the name of the test that should be used to assess if there is a relationship between seat belt use and ethnic group.** - A. \( \chi^2 \) test of independence - B. One-proportion z-test - C. \( \chi^2 \) goodness of fit 2. **Which of the following conditions must be met for the hypothesis test to be valid?** Select all that apply. - [ ] A. The sample size must be at least 30 or the population data must be normally distributed. - [ ] B. There must be an expected count of at least 5 in every cell of the table. - [ ] C. The observations must be independent of one another. - [ ] D. There must be at least 10 "success" and 10 "failure" observations. 3. **What is the expected value for the number of Hispanic drivers who were wearing a seat belt?** - Expected value = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \) 4. **State the degrees of freedom for this test.** - \( df = \_\_\_\_\_ \) 5. **Calculate the test statistic:** - Test statistic = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \) 6. **What was the contribution toward this test statistic of Hispanic drivers who were wearing a seat belt?** - Test statistic = \( \_\_\_\_\_ \) 7. **Calculate the p-value for this test.** - \( p = \_\_\_\_\_ \) 8. **Based on the above p-value, we have \_\_\_\_\_\_ evidence against the null hypothesis.** - [ ] No evidence - [ ] Weak evidence - [ ] Moderate evidence - [ ] Strong evidence **Graph/Diagram Explanation:** There are no visual graphs or diagrams in this content to describe in detail. The provided text is a series of multiple-choice and short answer questions aimed at guiding students through the process of understanding and conducting a chi-square test for independence. **Usage Instructions:** - For Question 1, students should identify the appropriate statistical test for the given scenario. - For Question 2, multiple conditions must be evaluated to ensure the assumptions of the chi-square test are met. - Questions 3 through 7 involve
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