1. Pure germanium has (4 x 1022) atom. cm-3 doped by indium atoms, the impurity is add to the extent of 1 part in (10°) germanium atoms, if note that the intrinsic concentration of germanium 2.5 × 10tº cm Hn = 3800 cm²(V s)-1 and µp = 1800 cm²(V s)-1. (a) Find the conductivity and the resistivity before the doping? (b) Find the conductivity and the resistivity after the doping? (c) What can you conclude from 1 and 2?

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Photoelectric

The photoelectric effect occurs when light (or similar incident radiation, including X-rays) falls on material together with a metal plate and causes it to emit electrons. The discovery of the photoelectric effect led to important new theories (and to a Nobel Prize for Albert Einstein). Photoelectric cells, or photocells, are utilized in burglar-alarm light detectors and garage-door openers (each employs a through-beam of light this is broken when something movements throughout it), and also to play soundtracks on film movies (in which a light beam shines through the soundtrack encoded at the film and is "read" with the aid of the photocells).