1. Problem Description: The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons. It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other. The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom. + Binding energy → Nucleus (smaller mass) Separated nucleons (greater mass) Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the following formula: (А - 22)2 2 as Eb = a,A – a,Aš – az¬- as A AZ where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a, = 93.2 ,and if A is odd if A and Z are both even if A is even and Z is Odd as = 12.0 (-12.0 The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding energy (Eb) by the mass number (A) You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example, if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 z) inclusive, see the example output in figure 2. If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in figure 2. Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nudleon, which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3). In (25): runfilet /Users/hanzazidoun/Docunents/2101/21e1_52021/ Progranming Assignnents/PAA/pa4_nuc lear.py, vdire' users/hanzazidoun/ Docunents/2101/2ie1_sze21/Progranning Assignments/PA4) Enter valid atonic nunber (2) (1,118): e >>Enter valid atonic number (2) (1,118): -120 Enter valid atonic number (2) (1,118): 20e Enter valid atonic number (2) (1,118]: 5 binding energy binding energy per Nuc leon -448.996 -226.623 -82.990 -3.778 47.111 64.228 70.245 55.009 35.952 1.794 -32.682 -78.825 -123.453 -177.641 -229.307 -289.143 -89.799 -37.771 -11.856 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 4.472 5.235 6.423 6.386 4.584 2.766 e.128 -2.179 4.927 -7.262 -9.869 -12.069 -14.457 The most stable nucleus has a nass number 18