Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
The following transformation involves a conjugate addition to an unusual alkenyl phophonium ion. Provide a detailed mechanism for this transformation, including all proton transfers, intermediates, and byproducts.

Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts a chemical reaction sequence involving two steps:
1. **Starting Material**: The structure on the left is salicylaldehyde, characterized by a benzene ring with an aldehyde group (−CHO) and a hydroxyl group (−OH) attached.
2. **Reagents and Conditions**:
- **Step 1**: Treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- **Step 2**: Reaction with a phosphorus ylide, known as triphenylphosphonium bromide (represented as an alkene connected to PPh₃⁺ Br⁻).
3. **Product**: The structure on the right is coumarin, which consists of a benzene ring fused with a lactone (cyclic ester).
**Explanation**:
- The reaction involves a synthesis pathway common in organic chemistry, likely an example of a Wittig reaction. This method is used to form carbon-carbon double bonds by converting an aldehyde into a corresponding alkene.
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