Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
![The image presents a chemical reaction involving a benzyl aldehyde derivative. Here's a detailed transcription and explanation:
**Chemical Structure:**
- The structure depicted at the top is a benzyl aldehyde, featuring a benzene ring attached to a chain ending with an aldehyde group (–CHO).
**Reaction Process:**
- The reaction involves three steps:
1. **LDA**: Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is used as a strong, non-nucleophilic base to deprotonate the compound, generating an enolate ion.
2. **CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO**: This is butyraldehyde, a three-carbon aldehyde introduced into the reaction. The enolate ion from the first step can add to this aldehyde in a nucleophilic addition reaction.
3. **Neutralizing Work-up**: The final step involves neutralizing the reaction mixture, often done using an acid or base, to obtain the final product.
This sequence represents a typical aldol reaction, facilitating carbon-carbon bond formation between the starting material and the added aldehyde to extend the carbon chain.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F35cb1f9a-eea2-4801-907c-685eecc2bd2a%2Ff42f24f6-7061-4cef-af61-b20bf2c15ffe%2F2gbb9pr_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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