1. In this experiment, aluminum will be converted into potassium aluminum sulphate dodecahydrate. This process requires three reactions. Balance these three reactions. A] Al (s) + KOH (aq) + HOH (1) = KAI(OH)4 (aq) + H2 (a) B] KAI(OH)4 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) = KAI(SO4)2 (aq) + H2O 0) c] KAI(SO42 (aq) + H2O (1) KAI(SO4)2 • 12 H20 (9)
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![1. In this experiment, aluminum will be converted into potassium aluminum sulphate
dodecahydrate. This process requires three reactions. Balance these three reactions.
A]
Al (s) + KOH (aq) + HOH (1)
KAI(OH)4 (aq) + H2 (a)
B]
KAI(OH)4 (aa)
+ H2SO4 (aq) >
KAI(SO:)2 (aq) + H2O )
C]
KAI(SO42
+ H2O (1)
KAI(SO4)2 • 12 H20 (9)
(aq)
2. Under experimental procedures #2 and #3, the experiment calls for reacting
aluminum with water and potassium hydroxide. See 1A above for the equation. A
student used the following quantities:
3.00 grams Al
15.0 mL of 8.00 M KOH
75.0 mL of distilled HOH
Which of the reactants is the limiting reactant? (Mathematically document this.)
Show your work and set-up.
D.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F307ca542-e220-4ac1-8674-74a06466c963%2F8cf4285e-9c31-4ec9-8ccd-2959139b4c2b%2Ff6jwr3_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
A)The reaction taking place is given as,
=> Al (s) + KOH (aq) + HOH (l) ------> KAl(OH)4 (aq) + H2 (g)
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