1. How do both consumers and firms benefitted from the economies of scale? 2. Large business enjoys advantage from the economies of scale. How can small b enjoy the same advantage? 3. What are the differences between the internal and external economies of scale?
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- What is the difference between economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and diseconomies of scale?A small company that shovels sidewalks and driveways has 100 homes signed up for its services this winter. It can use various combinations of capital and labor: intensive labor with hand shovels, less labor with snow blowers, and still less labor with a pickup truck that has a snowplow on front. To summarize, the method Choices are: Method 1: 50 units of labor, 10 units of capital Method 2: 20 units of labor, 40 units of capital Method 3: 10 units of labor, 70 units of capital If hiring labor for the winter costs $100/unit and a unit of capital costs 400, what is the best production method? What method should the company use if the cost of labor rises to $20/unit?In choosing a production technology, how will firms react if one input becomes relatively more expensive?
- 8. Why is the Minimum Average Total Cost and Efficient Scale important?The LEGO Architecture Collection includes three items: the White House Model Building Kit (at $80 per kit), the U.S. Capitol Building Kit (at $40 per kit), and the Mar-a-LEGO Club Building Kit (at $20.24 per kit; empty classified document folders are extra). Total costs of production for different quantities of each item are given below. a. WHITE HOUSE Output per day 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 White House U.S. Capitol Total cost Mar-a-LEGO 1600 5000 11000 18000 27000 40000 55000 U.S. CAPITOL Output per day 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Total cost 100 400 750 1120 1510 1920 2350 MAR-A-LEGO Output per day 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 If LEGO's goal is profit maximization and the cost of production schedules cannot be altered, what quantity of each item should be produced in the short run? Total cost 2000 3500 5500 8000 11000 14200 15000 b. Above what market price (to the nearest penny) should LEGO begin producing Mar-a-LEGO kits? That is, what is the "shutdown price" for Mar-a-LEGO kits?b. The Yorkshire Cricket Company makes cricket bats out of lumber supplied to it by Acme Sporting Goods, which pays Yorkshire £10 for each finished bat. Yorkshire's only factors of production are lathe operators and a small building with a lathe. The number of bats per day it produces depends on the number of employee-hours per day, as shown in the table below. Number of bats per day 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Number of employee-hours per day 0 1 2 4 7 11 16 22 (i) If the wage is £15 per hour and Yorkshire's daily fixed cost for the lathe and building is £60, what is the profit-maximising quantity of bats? (ii) What would be the profit-maximising number of bats if the firm's fixed cost were not £60 per day but only £30? (iii) How would Yorkshire's profit-maximising level of output be affected if the government imposed a tax of £10 per day on the company? (Hint: This tax independent from the production level.) (iv) What would Yorkshire's profit-maximising level of output be if the government…
- For each of the following examples, explain whether it is a case of external or internal economies of scale: a. Almost all Hermès products are manufactured in France. b. Apple has its displays mainly made in Japan and some made in Korea. c. All units of Toyota Land Cruiser and Prius sold in the U.S. market are assem- bled in Japan. d. Gerber used to be an American-owned company, now a subsidiary of the Nestlé Group, headquartered in Fremont, Michigan. It is often argued that the existence of increasing returns is a source of conflict between countries, since each country is better off if it can increase its production in those industries characterized by economies of scale. Evaluate this view in terms of the external economy model.Firms experience economies of scale for several reasons. What is one such reason? A firm might experience economies of scale because A. large firms may be able to purchase inputs at lower costs than smaller competitors. B. a firm's technology may make it impossible to increase production without a larger proportional increase input usage. C. managers experience diminishing returns, decreasing their marginal productivity as output expands. D. managers begin to have difficulty coordinating the operation of the firm. E. as a firm expands, it may have to borrow money at a higher interest rate.What are diseconomies of scale? Diseconomies of scale is A. when the marginal product of labor is decreasing with output. B. when the marginal cost of production is increasingwith output. C. when a firm's long-run average costs decrease with output. D. when a firm's long-run average costs increase with output.
- Multiple choice questions - Microeconomics 35) What is the firm’s efficient scale? A. the quantity of output that minimizes average total cost B. the quantity of output that minimizes average variable cost C. the quantity of output that minimizes marginal cost D. the quantity of output that minimizes average fixed cost 34) Marginal cost increases as the quantity of output increases. What property does this reflect? A. diminishing total cost B. increasing marginal product C. increasing total cost D. diminishing marginal product10. Elegant Settings manufactures stainless steel cutlery. Quantity (sets) 100 200 300 C. 400 500 Long Run Average Cost $40 $35 $30 $30 $35 a. Elegant Settings experiences economies of scale at an output of and diseconomies of scale at an output level above_ b. What is the minimum efficient scale of production? 1410/ or less orizedwstera omoo2 rose 101.Insonsq 21 yd atuqni ati aszsotoni tedt rotila tobianc of aujos instamoo 1o pise to esimonosozib olsaz to asimmons roqus nils sh Over what range of output does it experience constant returns to scale? 019 21 029oni alugi 14 Jasong 21 und vd insonog 21 nadi seol yd sessioni autuIf the government says that firm X must pay 50000 in taxes simply because it in the business producing a good. What cost curves if any does this tax affects?