1. Given the time-temperature transformation diagram, what would be the phases present for a 1.13 wt. % C steel with no alloying elements.part A) quenched in cold water directly to room temperature in 0.1 secondpart B) quenched in cold water directly to room temperature in 0.1 seconds, then heated to 425 C and held there for 1000 seconds, and finally quenched to room temperaturepart C) quenched in cold water to 670 C in 0.1 seconds, then held at 670 C for 1000 seconds, then quenched to room temperaturepart D) quenched in cold water to 650 C in 0.1 seconds, then held at 650 C for 5 seconds, then quenched to 400 C, held at 400 C for 60 seconds, and finally quenched to room temperature **Figure 10.28: Isothermal Transformation Diagram**The upper diagram is an isothermal transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron–carbon alloy. It indicates different phases and transformations based on temperature and time. The diagram contains curves representing:- **A (Austenite)**- **A + C (Austenite + Cementite)**- **A + P (Austenite + Pearlite)**- **P (Pearlite)**- **A + B (Austenite + Bainite)**- **B (Bainite)**- **M (start, 50%, 90%)** marks where martensite transformation starts, is 50%, and 90% completeThe x-axis represents time in seconds (logarithmic scale), and the y-axis on the left side represents temperature in Celsius, while the right side shows the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit. The diagram provides a guide for predicting microstructural changes during isothermal heat treatments.**Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram**The lower diagram is the iron–carbon phase diagram, which plots temperature against weight percent carbon:- The x-axis represents the weight percent carbon, starting from 0% to approximately 7%.- The y-axis on the left indicates temperature in Celsius, from 0°C to 1600°C.Key phases and regions include:- **δ (Delta) + Liquid**: High-temperature region where both delta ferrite and liquid coexist.- **Liquid**: The uppermost region with only liquid phase.- **γ (Austenite) + Liquid**: Mixture of austenite and liquid phase.- **γ (Austenite)**: Solid solution of carbon in face-centered cubic iron.- **γ + Carbide**: A mix of austenite and carbide phases.- **α (Alpha) + Carbide**: Region with ferrite and carbide phases.Critical temperatures and compositions are marked:- **727°C (1340°F)**: Eutectoid transformation temperature.- **2.14% and 4.3% Carbon**: Indicating solubility limits of carbon in austenite and other phases.This diagram is crucial for understanding the equilibrium phases in iron-carbon alloys and guides steel processing and heat treatment.

Answered: 1. Given the time-temperature…

Elements Of Electromagnetics

7th Edition

ISBN:9780190698614

Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

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1. Given the time-temperature transformation diagram, what would be the phases present for a 1.13 wt. % C steel with no alloying elements.

part A) quenched in cold water directly to room temperature in 0.1 second

part B) quenched in cold water directly to room temperature in 0.1 seconds, then heated to 425 C and held there for 1000 seconds, and finally quenched to room temperature

part C) quenched in cold water to 670 C in 0.1 seconds, then held at 670 C for 1000 seconds, then quenched to room temperature

part D) quenched in cold water to 650 C in 0.1 seconds, then held at 650 C for 5 seconds, then quenched to 400 C, held at 400 C for 60 seconds, and finally quenched to room temperature

**Figure 10.28: Isothermal Transformation Diagram**

The upper diagram is an isothermal transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C iron–carbon alloy. It indicates different phases and transformations based on temperature and time. The diagram contains curves representing:

- **A (Austenite)**
- **A + C (Austenite + Cementite)**
- **A + P (Austenite + Pearlite)**
- **P (Pearlite)**
- **A + B (Austenite + Bainite)**
- **B (Bainite)**
- **M (start, 50%, 90%)** marks where martensite transformation starts, is 50%, and 90% complete

The x-axis represents time in seconds (logarithmic scale), and the y-axis on the left side represents temperature in Celsius, while the right side shows the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit. The diagram provides a guide for predicting microstructural changes during isothermal heat treatments.

**Iron–Carbon Phase Diagram**

The lower diagram is the iron–carbon phase diagram, which plots temperature against weight percent carbon:

- The x-axis represents the weight percent carbon, starting from 0% to approximately 7%.
- The y-axis on the left indicates temperature in Celsius, from 0°C to 1600°C.

Key phases and regions include:

- **δ (Delta) + Liquid**: High-temperature region where both delta ferrite and liquid coexist.
- **Liquid**: The uppermost region with only liquid phase.
- **γ (Austenite) + Liquid**: Mixture of austenite and liquid phase.
- **γ (Austenite)**: Solid solution of carbon in face-centered cubic iron.
- **γ + Carbide**: A mix of austenite and carbide phases.
- **α (Alpha) + Carbide**: Region with ferrite and carbide phases.

Critical temperatures and compositions are marked:

- **727°C (1340°F)**: Eutectoid transformation temperature.
- **2.14% and 4.3% Carbon**: Indicating solubility limits of carbon in austenite and other phases.

This diagram is crucial for understanding the equilibrium phases in iron-carbon alloys and guides steel processing and heat treatment.

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