**Question 1:**Given the following reactions, draw reasonable mechanisms that describe the chemical transformation that has taken place. To the right, list the name of the elementary mechanistic step used in the transformation.[Note: Diagrams or graphs related to the question above are not included in this transcription. For comprehensive understanding, users may need to refer to the visual content of the original document.] ### Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of BenzeneThis diagram illustrates the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction known as nitration. The reaction involves benzene and the nitronium ion (\( \text{NO}_2^+ \)).#### Reaction Description:- **Left Side**: The structure on the left is a benzene ring. Benzene is a stable aromatic compound with delocalized electrons, depicted as a hexagon with alternating double bonds.- **Arrow**: The double-headed arrow indicates a reversible reaction where the benzene ring interacts with the nitronium ion.- **Right Side**: The structure on the right shows the benzene ring that has formed a sigma complex (arenium ion) with the nitronium ion, resulting in the substitution of one hydrogen atom with a nitro group (\( \text{NO}_2 \)). The positive charge is shown on the ring to indicate the intermediate sigma complex.#### Mechanism Overview:1. **Formation of the Electrophile**: The nitronium ion (\( \text{NO}_2^+ \)) acts as the electrophile. It is typically generated from nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.2. **Attack on the Electrophile**: The pi electrons of benzene attack the nitronium ion, forming a sigma complex. This is a key step where the aromaticity of benzene is temporarily lost.3. **Deprotonation**: A proton is removed to restore aromaticity, resulting in the formation of nitrobenzene.The process shown highlights the essential steps in the nitration of benzene, which is a crucial transformation in organic synthesis used to create nitro compounds that serve as precursors for a variety of applications, including the synthesis of anilines and other aromatic compounds.

Note: elctrophile (NO2+) is added to benzene results arenium ion intermediate. This arenium ion…

1. Given the following reactions, draw reasonable mechanisms that describe the chemical transformation that has taken place. To the right, list the name of the elementary mechanistic step used in the transformation.

1. Given the following reactions, draw reasonable mechanisms that describe the chemical transformation that has taken place. To the right, list the name of the elementary mechanistic step used in the transformation.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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