P2.1,2 1. Given the following metabolic pathway of aspartate to pyruvate, all of which occurs/ 2in the mitochondria, calculate the maximum yield of ATP that can produced from the completeoxidation of aspartate to CO₂ in the muscle.aspartateoxaloacetate2.ōNAD+ NADHmalateÑNADH NAD+ñNAD+ NADHpyruvateThe production of sucrose in a plant requires one molecule of glucose and onemolecule of fructose. In order to form the glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharidesone molecule of ATP is required. (Glucose and fructose are easily interconverted by a processthat requires no energy--see the glycolysis figure for the interconversion of these twomonosaccharides).a) How many molecules of CO2, NADPH, and ATP are required for the production ofsucrose in sugarcane, a C4 plant?b) How many photons are required by PSII?c) How many molecules of oxygen are produced?d) How many protons are required to produce the necessary ATP if the chloroplast ATPsynthase has 14 c subunits? (If your answer is a fraction of a proton, round up to a wholenumber).

Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the first question as per our Q&A guidelines. Please repost the remaining questions separately. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The acetyl CoA then enters the TCA cycle as citrate to produce NADH and FADH2. NADH/FADH2 then enter the electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient. ATP synthase uses the energy stored in the proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis. As per the given pathway of conversion of 1 molecule of aspartate to 1 molecule of pyruvate, a total of 2 NADH are produced. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA produces 1 NADH. Acetyl CoA that enters the TCA cycle produces 3 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP equivalent in a single round. So total yield from aspartate to CO2: 6 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 1 ATP equivalent. In the electron transport chain, NADH yields 2.5 ATP and FADH2 yields 1.5 yield. So maximum ATP from aspartate to pyruvate through TCA cycle: (6×2.5) + (1×1.5) + 1 = 15 + 1.5 + 1 = 17.5 ATP or 17 ATP. *Net yield would be 15 ATP because reduction of oxaloacetate to malate consume 1 NADH so 1 less NADH enters the ETC.