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1. Free Variables in First-Order Logic: A well-formed formula (wff) in first-order logic is defined as follows: • An atomic formula, p(a1,.,an), is a wff, where p is a predicate symbol (ID token) and a1,.,an (n > 0) are arguments that can be numbers (NUMBER token), or strings enclosed within single quotation marks (STRING token), or variables (ID token). We shall assume that the ID token begins with a lower-case letter and is followed zero or more letters or digits. Even though the variables are made up of lower and upper-case letters, these should be considered case-insensitive. For example, value1, VALUE1, VAlue1, etc all should be treated as the same variable. For simplicity, we may assume that the STRING tokens are made up of letters and digits. o If F1 and F2 are wffs, then F1 and F2, F1 or F2, and not F1 are wffs. (Note that we do not enforce parentheses!) o If F is a wff and x1,.xn are variables (n > 0), then (exists x1,.,xn)(F), (forall x1,.,xn)(F), and (F) are wffs. (Note that here we enforce parentheses!) Since we do not enforce parentheses while using "and", "or", and "not", we will assume that "and" and "or" have lower precedence compared to "not". So, in a formula such as: A and B or not C and D

1. Free Variables in First-Order Logic: A well-formed formula (wff) in first-order logic is defined as follows: • An atomic formula, p(a1,.,an), is a wff, where p is a predicate symbol (ID token) and a1,.,an (n > 0) are arguments that can be numbers (NUMBER token), or strings enclosed within single quotation marks (STRING token), or variables (ID token). We shall assume that the ID token begins with a lower-case letter and is followed zero or more letters or digits. Even though the variables are made up of lower and upper-case letters, these should be considered case-insensitive. For example, value1, VALUE1, VAlue1, etc all should be treated as the same variable. For simplicity, we may assume that the STRING tokens are made up of letters and digits. o If F1 and F2 are wffs, then F1 and F2, F1 or F2, and not F1 are wffs. (Note that we do not enforce parentheses!) o If F is a wff and x1,.xn are variables (n > 0), then (exists x1,.,xn)(F), (forall x1,.,xn)(F), and (F) are wffs. (Note that here we enforce parentheses!) Since we do not enforce parentheses while using "and", "or", and "not", we will assume that "and" and "or" have lower precedence compared to "not". So, in a formula such as: A and B or not C and D

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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Please using PLY (PYTHON) write the PARSER specification for this exercice

1. Free Variables in First-Order Logic: A well-formed formula (wff) in first-order logic is defined as follows: • An atomic formula, p(a1,.,an), is a wff, where p is a predicate symbol (ID token) and a1,. an (n > 0) are arguments that can be numbers (NUMBER token), or strings enclosed within single quotation marks (STRING token), or variables (ID token). We shall assume that the ID token begins with a lower-case letter and is followed zero or more letters or digits. Even though the variables are made up of lower and upper-case letters, these should be considered case-insensitive. For example, value1, VALUE1, VAlue1, etc all should be treated as the same variable. For simplicity, we may assume that the STRING tokens are made up of letters and digits. • If F1 and F2 are wffs, then F1 and F2, F1 or F2, and not F1 are wffs. (Note that we do not enforce parentheses!) • If F is a wff and x1,. xn are variables (n > 0), then (exists x1,.,xn)(F), (forall x1,.,xn)(F), and (F) are wffs. (Note that here we enforce parentheses!) Since we do not enforce parentheses while using "and", "or", and "not", we will assume that "and" and "or" have lower precedence compared to "not". So, in a formula such as: A and B or not C and D
Transcribed Image Text:1. Free Variables in First-Order Logic: A well-formed formula (wff) in first-order logic is defined as follows: • An atomic formula, p(a1,.,an), is a wff, where p is a predicate symbol (ID token) and a1,. an (n > 0) are arguments that can be numbers (NUMBER token), or strings enclosed within single quotation marks (STRING token), or variables (ID token). We shall assume that the ID token begins with a lower-case letter and is followed zero or more letters or digits. Even though the variables are made up of lower and upper-case letters, these should be considered case-insensitive. For example, value1, VALUE1, VAlue1, etc all should be treated as the same variable. For simplicity, we may assume that the STRING tokens are made up of letters and digits. • If F1 and F2 are wffs, then F1 and F2, F1 or F2, and not F1 are wffs. (Note that we do not enforce parentheses!) • If F is a wff and x1,. xn are variables (n > 0), then (exists x1,.,xn)(F), (forall x1,.,xn)(F), and (F) are wffs. (Note that here we enforce parentheses!) Since we do not enforce parentheses while using "and", "or", and "not", we will assume that "and" and "or" have lower precedence compared to "not". So, in a formula such as: A and B or not C and D
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