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1. Four atoms of hydrogen combine to make one atom of helium: H + H + H+H ---> He a) What is the exact atomic mass of one H? b) Multiply this (part a) by 4: c) What is the exact atomic mass of one He? d) Subtract c from b: This answer (part d) is known as the mass defect. It becomes energy during the nuclear fusion process. 2. Einstein's equation of Energy-Mass Equivalence is: E = mc² where E is energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and c is the speed of light, which is 3 x 10 ³ m/s The mass of 1 amu = 1.66 x 1027 kg You will now calculate the energy released by the fusion process that creates one He atom. a) Change the mass defect of the H ---> He reaction (from #1. part d) from amu into kg. Show your work: b) Multiply your answer in kg (part a) by c². The unit for your answer is joules. This gives the amount of energy produced for one He atom.

1. Four atoms of hydrogen combine to make one atom of helium: H + H + H+H ---> He a) What is the exact atomic mass of one H? b) Multiply this (part a) by 4: c) What is the exact atomic mass of one He? d) Subtract c from b: This answer (part d) is known as the mass defect. It becomes energy during the nuclear fusion process. 2. Einstein's equation of Energy-Mass Equivalence is: E = mc² where E is energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and c is the speed of light, which is 3 x 10 ³ m/s The mass of 1 amu = 1.66 x 1027 kg You will now calculate the energy released by the fusion process that creates one He atom. a) Change the mass defect of the H ---> He reaction (from #1. part d) from amu into kg. Show your work: b) Multiply your answer in kg (part a) by c². The unit for your answer is joules. This gives the amount of energy produced for one He atom.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Introduction: Nuclear fusion is a process by which atoms of low mass elements are combined to make new elements under conditions of very high temperatures and pressures. This yields a large amount of energy, due to a process by which mass is converted to energy. In this exercise you will explore two fusion pathways that actually occur in stars. Atomic masses: amu H 1.0079 amu He= 4.0026 amu 1. Four atoms of hydrogen combine to make one atom of helium: H + H+ H+H ---> He a) What is the exact atomic mass of one H? b) Multiply this (part a) by 4: c) What is the exact atomic mass of one He? d) Subtract c from b: C = 12.011 This answer (part d) is known as the mass defect. It becomes energy during the nuclear fusion process. 2. Einstein's equation of Energy-Mass Equivalence is: E = mc² where E is energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and c is the speed of light, which is 3 x 10 m/s The mass of 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg You will now calculate the energy released by the fusion process that creates one He atom. a) Change the mass defect of the H ---> He reaction (from #1. part d) from amu into kg. Show your work: b) Multiply your answer in kg (part a) by c². The unit for your answer is joules. This gives the amount of energy produced for one He atom.
Transcribed Image Text:Introduction: Nuclear fusion is a process by which atoms of low mass elements are combined to make new elements under conditions of very high temperatures and pressures. This yields a large amount of energy, due to a process by which mass is converted to energy. In this exercise you will explore two fusion pathways that actually occur in stars. Atomic masses: amu H 1.0079 amu He= 4.0026 amu 1. Four atoms of hydrogen combine to make one atom of helium: H + H+ H+H ---> He a) What is the exact atomic mass of one H? b) Multiply this (part a) by 4: c) What is the exact atomic mass of one He? d) Subtract c from b: C = 12.011 This answer (part d) is known as the mass defect. It becomes energy during the nuclear fusion process. 2. Einstein's equation of Energy-Mass Equivalence is: E = mc² where E is energy (in joules), m is mass (in kg), and c is the speed of light, which is 3 x 10 m/s The mass of 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg You will now calculate the energy released by the fusion process that creates one He atom. a) Change the mass defect of the H ---> He reaction (from #1. part d) from amu into kg. Show your work: b) Multiply your answer in kg (part a) by c². The unit for your answer is joules. This gives the amount of energy produced for one He atom.
3. The Sun produces 9.5 x 10²8 He atoms every second. Calculate the amount of energy produced by the Sun each second. 4. A hydrogen bomb releases 1 x10¹7 joules. How many bomb explosions are equal to the Sun's energy output each second? 5. There are a variety of nucleosynthesis reactions that form the heavy elements inside of stars. Below are two potential methods of forming carbon: (A) (B) He + He + H+ H+ H+H ---> C Calculate the mass defect of each reaction. If you forgot how, see #1. a) (A) m = (B) m = b) Which reaction produces more energy? c) Based on this example, do lighter or heavier elements produce more energy per fusion reaction? H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H --> C 6. a) Calculate the mass defect of this reaction: He + He + He ---> C m = b) What is unusual about it? c) Does this reaction release or absorb energy? d) Would fusion proceed for this reaction?
Transcribed Image Text:3. The Sun produces 9.5 x 10²8 He atoms every second. Calculate the amount of energy produced by the Sun each second. 4. A hydrogen bomb releases 1 x10¹7 joules. How many bomb explosions are equal to the Sun's energy output each second? 5. There are a variety of nucleosynthesis reactions that form the heavy elements inside of stars. Below are two potential methods of forming carbon: (A) (B) He + He + H+ H+ H+H ---> C Calculate the mass defect of each reaction. If you forgot how, see #1. a) (A) m = (B) m = b) Which reaction produces more energy? c) Based on this example, do lighter or heavier elements produce more energy per fusion reaction? H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H+H --> C 6. a) Calculate the mass defect of this reaction: He + He + He ---> C m = b) What is unusual about it? c) Does this reaction release or absorb energy? d) Would fusion proceed for this reaction?
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