1. Explain how mutations occur in SARS-CoV2 and why they are conserved in the variants during natural selection and what can cause the many mutations observed in the Omicron variant.
1. Explain how mutations occur in SARS-CoV2 and why they are conserved in the variants during natural selection and what can cause the many mutations observed in the Omicron variant.
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:The Omicron variant of SARS-COV2, which originated in South Africa, is very different from
previous variants and has e.g., 36 mutations in the Spike protein. The figure below shows the Spike
trimmer from the original Wuhan virus, where monomer in open conformation is shown in cyan
(A). Monomer for Delta variant (B) and Omicron variant (C) are shown next to with mutations
shown for substitutions (red) and inserts / deletions (yellow).
A
В
RBD
NTD
Wuhan
Delta
Omicron
1. Explain how mutations occur in SARS-COV2 and why they are conserved in the variants
during natural selection and what can cause the many mutations observed in the Omicron
variant.
One of the most common mutations is D614G, which is thought to increase the flexibility of S1-
the domain. Another common mutation is P681H in a flexible loop that is cleaved by the cellular
protease furin.
2. Use the BLOSUM62 matrix to assess whether these mutations are high or low similarity
and what positive effect these mutations may have on infection of the cell.
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