Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Topic: Reaction Products in Organic Chemistry**
**Level: Intermediate (Level 2)**
---
**Problem H14.12 - Reaction Product Identification**
**Unanswered • 3 attempts left**
**Question:**
What is the product of the following reaction?
**Provided Reaction:**
A carboxylic acid reacts with an excess amount of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in ether, followed by hydrolysis with water (H3O^+).
The structural formula of the carboxylic acid (reactant) is:
\[ CH3CH2CH2COOH \]
**Options:**
A.
\[ \text{1.} \]
B.
\[ \text{2.} \]
C.
\[ \text{3.} \]
D.
\[ \text{4.} \]
**Structures of Potential Products:**
1.
\[ CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2(OH) \]
2.
\[ CH3CH2CH3 \]
3.
\[ CH3CH2CH2CHO \]
4.
\[ CH3CH2CH2CH2OH \]
---
**Detailed Explanation:**
In this reaction, a carboxylic acid is reduced using an excess of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in ether, followed by the addition of water (H3O^+). LiAlH4 is a strong reducing agent often used to reduce carboxylic acids to primary alcohols.
Let's analyze the options provided:
1. \( CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2(OH) \): This structure indicates a diol, which is not expected in this reaction type.
2. \( CH3CH2CH3 \): This structure represents propane, a reduction that suggests the complete removal of the carboxyl group which LiAlH4 cannot achieve in this manner.
3. \( CH3CH2CH2CHO \): This structure is an aldehyde. While carboxylic acids can be reduced to aldehydes, the use of excess LiAlH4 typically reduces the carboxyl group fully to an alcohol.
4. \( CH3CH2CH2CH2OH \): This structure represents a primary alcohol, formed by the full reduction of the carboxylic acid group.
Based on the reaction conditions and the strong reducing capability of LiAlH4 when used in excess, the major product is](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F511780d2-fa54-4158-998d-d2ffdf1b0d76%2F3a67d524-2e3d-491c-bc89-295b1dc0995f%2Fhy1qul_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Topic: Reaction Products in Organic Chemistry**
**Level: Intermediate (Level 2)**
---
**Problem H14.12 - Reaction Product Identification**
**Unanswered • 3 attempts left**
**Question:**
What is the product of the following reaction?
**Provided Reaction:**
A carboxylic acid reacts with an excess amount of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in ether, followed by hydrolysis with water (H3O^+).
The structural formula of the carboxylic acid (reactant) is:
\[ CH3CH2CH2COOH \]
**Options:**
A.
\[ \text{1.} \]
B.
\[ \text{2.} \]
C.
\[ \text{3.} \]
D.
\[ \text{4.} \]
**Structures of Potential Products:**
1.
\[ CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2(OH) \]
2.
\[ CH3CH2CH3 \]
3.
\[ CH3CH2CH2CHO \]
4.
\[ CH3CH2CH2CH2OH \]
---
**Detailed Explanation:**
In this reaction, a carboxylic acid is reduced using an excess of lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in ether, followed by the addition of water (H3O^+). LiAlH4 is a strong reducing agent often used to reduce carboxylic acids to primary alcohols.
Let's analyze the options provided:
1. \( CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2(OH) \): This structure indicates a diol, which is not expected in this reaction type.
2. \( CH3CH2CH3 \): This structure represents propane, a reduction that suggests the complete removal of the carboxyl group which LiAlH4 cannot achieve in this manner.
3. \( CH3CH2CH2CHO \): This structure is an aldehyde. While carboxylic acids can be reduced to aldehydes, the use of excess LiAlH4 typically reduces the carboxyl group fully to an alcohol.
4. \( CH3CH2CH2CH2OH \): This structure represents a primary alcohol, formed by the full reduction of the carboxylic acid group.
Based on the reaction conditions and the strong reducing capability of LiAlH4 when used in excess, the major product is
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