1. Describe differences between microbiota and pathogens.

Q: A bacterial toxin was found to cause malaise and fever and upon structural elucidation was found to…

A: Bacterial pathogens produce large variety of potent molecules called as toxins. This toxins…

Q: 2. What are a few examples of primary, secondary, and teritary preventions for Influenza (flu)?

A: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: Which of the following is CORRECT about Hill's Criteria for establishing causality? Plausibility…

A: The Bradford Hill criteria, sometimes known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a set of nine…

Q: 2.How can you tell which antibiotics would be effective for your condition?

A: Antibiotics are a class of powerful medications used to treat bacterial infections in humans and…

Q: 7. Why is it important to learn basic information about diseases for public health students?

A: The goal of the interdisciplinary discipline of public health is to safeguard and enhance the…

Q: 3. True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included the…

A: True. William Farr made significant and wide-ranging contributions to epidemiology. His development…

Q: explain how the microbiome is detected and studied and how it is linked to diseases.

A: The microbiome is that the genetic material of all the microbes - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and…

Q: Which of the following helps the body block microbial entry? Skin Urine Gastric juice Normal…

A: Introduction Microbes are microscopic living organisms that can be found all over the world but are…

Q: The digestive tract and the gut microbiome have a mutualistic relationship. What does this mean? O…

A: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their…

Q: 12. How are pathogens transmitted from one person to another?

A: Pathogens, which are microorganisms that can cause diseases, can be transmitted from one person to…

Q: 2. What is an infectious dose and what can it tell you about a microorganism? Would you develop an…

A: An infectious dose is the number of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) required to cause an…

Q: Microbes and humans. 1. At what age is an individual considered to have their full complement of…

A: Hello there! Since you have posted multiple questions and not mentioned which one of them to be…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a likely portal of entry for a pathogen to enter a healthy body with…

A: microorganisms can enter our body via many routes.

Q: 6. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte, commonly called a macrophage, that increases during later…

A: there are two types of macrophages M1 and M2.  M1 macrophages are classically activated by…

Q: True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included the…

A: Epidemiology is a branch of public health or medical science. This deals with the distribution and…

Q: Explain how pyrogens help fight an infection.

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: 5. How are infectious diseases, such as colds and influenza, most commonly spread?

A: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: 6. During an infection, the immune system alerts the organ systems of the body by producing…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: 5. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte that increases in early stages of bacterial infections is the

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, thymus, spleen and other…

Q: how these infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,Propionibacterium acnes and…

A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Streptococcus pyogenes…

Q: List the 4 ways a pathogen can enter the body

A: Pathogens are parasitic organisms that causes the development of different disease within a…

Q: 3. Recent studies show how an inoculum of vaginal microbiome restore the microbial diversity in…

A: False.

Q: 2. What is the host and their role in infection?

A: The human body is highly complex and contains about 1013 and 1014 fungal, bacterial and protozoan…

Q: What is a nosocomial infection? Explain why the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and give an…

A: Infectious diseases are illnesses that are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi,…

Q: What is the connection between AIDS and HIV infection?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus  preferentially attacks and destroys CD4 positive T lymphocytes…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.