1. Describe differences between microbiota and pathogens.

Q: 5. List down any two Emerging and Re-emerging diseases.

A: Emerging diseases, also known as emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), are illnesses caused by…

Q: 23. Why is it important to wash our hands frequently with soap and water especially at this time of…

A: Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: how can health care providers keep themselves safe while treating patients during a pandemic?

A: Pandemic is a worldwide  outbreak of a disease which may be viral , bacterial or any other…

Q: Describe how the composition of the normal microbiota can change over time.

A: NORMAL MICROBIOTA:- These microorganisms are present at places where moisture is present because…

Q: A bacterial toxin was found to cause malaise and fever and upon structural elucidation was found to…

A: Bacterial pathogens produce large variety of potent molecules called as toxins. This toxins…

Q: What steps would you take to ensure the patient's safety and recommend an appropriate alternative?

A: Keeping patients safe and healthy is crucial in the ever-changing healthcare environment. You are…

Q: 2. What are a few examples of primary, secondary, and teritary preventions for Influenza (flu)?

A: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza…

Q: Describe how the skin and mucous membranes play an integral role in helping the body protect itself…

A: Skin surface  and all the mucous membrane forms a physical barrier against antigen. It…

Q: Which of the following is CORRECT about Hill's Criteria for establishing causality? Plausibility…

A: The Bradford Hill criteria, sometimes known as Hill's criteria for causation, are a set of nine…

Q: 5. Which metric, derived from the SIR model, quantifies how many new cases on average an infected…

A: The so-called SIR (Susceptible-infectious-recovered) model, which divides the (fixed) population of…

Q: 4. The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and…

A: We know that The protozoan parasitic species present in the genus Trypanosoma causes Human African…

Q: 2.How can you tell which antibiotics would be effective for your condition?

A: Antibiotics are a class of powerful medications used to treat bacterial infections in humans and…

Q: 5. What makes Lyme disease a "re-emerging disease"?

A: Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia bacteria, which are spread by ticks.…

Q: 7. Why is it important to learn basic information about diseases for public health students?

A: The goal of the interdisciplinary discipline of public health is to safeguard and enhance the…

Q: 3. True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included the…

A: True. William Farr made significant and wide-ranging contributions to epidemiology. His development…

Q: explain how the microbiome is detected and studied and how it is linked to diseases.

A: The microbiome is that the genetic material of all the microbes - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and…

Q: Which of the following helps the body block microbial entry? Skin Urine Gastric juice Normal…

A: Introduction Microbes are microscopic living organisms that can be found all over the world but are…

Q: The digestive tract and the gut microbiome have a mutualistic relationship. What does this mean? O…

A: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where all species involved benefit from their…

Q: Without the modern technological in-depth knowledge as exists today discuss the Ancient people…

A: Modern technology and advancement in technology have become our life very easy. Modern technology…

Q: 12. How are pathogens transmitted from one person to another?

A: Pathogens, which are microorganisms that can cause diseases, can be transmitted from one person to…

Q: 9. Describe the infection's source and how it spread.

A: The spread and development of disease-causing microorganisms inside the body are termed infections.…

Q: 2. What is an infectious dose and what can it tell you about a microorganism? Would you develop an…

A: An infectious dose is the number of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, etc.) required to cause an…

Q: Microbes and humans. 1. At what age is an individual considered to have their full complement of…

A: Hello there! Since you have posted multiple questions and not mentioned which one of them to be…

Q: Which of the following is NOT a likely portal of entry for a pathogen to enter a healthy body with…

A: microorganisms can enter our body via many routes.

Q: 6. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte, commonly called a macrophage, that increases during later…

A: there are two types of macrophages M1 and M2.  M1 macrophages are classically activated by…

Q: 4. Clinical features of disorders due to the breakdown of immunological tolerance.

A: Disorders due to breakdown of immunological tolerance are also known as autoimmune disorders. These…

Q: 8. Define the term zoonosis and describe the difficulties in controlling zoonotic infections.

A: Microbes are minute organisms that cannot be seen as such through naked eyes. They need microscope…

Q: Explain how diet plays a role in host susceptibility to infection.

A: Dietary practises that promote a healthy gut microbiota can improve the immune system and provide a…

Q: True or False? One of William Farr's contributions to public health and epidemiology included the…

A: Epidemiology is a branch of public health or medical science. This deals with the distribution and…

Q: What are the different categories and function of exotoxins and endotoxins?

A: Endotoxin and exotoxin are secreted by pathogenic bacteria in order to compete when present in…

Q: 7. How can a medical professional stop potential infections?

A: Medical professionals are individuals who have received specialized education, training, and…

Q: Explain how pyrogens help fight an infection.

A: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which belong to prokaryote because these are unicellular…

Q: 5. How are infectious diseases, such as colds and influenza, most commonly spread?

A: Infectious diseases are disorders caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses,…

Q: 6. During an infection, the immune system alerts the organ systems of the body by producing…

A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…

Q: 5. The type of phagocytotic leukocyte that increases in early stages of bacterial infections is the

A: The immune system of the human body consists of white blood cells, thymus, spleen and other…

Q: 4?).

A: As weHuman body is protected with a very efficient immune system. It act as soldiers in protecting…

Q: how these infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,Propionibacterium acnes and…

A: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Streptococcus pyogenes…

Q: List the 4 ways a pathogen can enter the body

A: Pathogens are parasitic organisms that causes the development of different disease within a…

Q: What is the importance of an antimicrobial removal device (ARD) blood culture system?

A: Antibiotic removal devices in blood culture media are intended to remove antibiotics from the blood…

Q: 3. Recent studies show how an inoculum of vaginal microbiome restore the microbial diversity in…

A: False.

Q: 6

A: Health generally refers to the well-being of a person such that a stable equilibrium is maintained…

Q: 2. What is the host and their role in infection?

A: The human body is highly complex and contains about 1013 and 1014 fungal, bacterial and protozoan…

Q: What is a nosocomial infection? Explain why the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract, and give an…

A: Infectious diseases are illnesses that are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi,…

Q: What is the connection between AIDS and HIV infection?

A: The human immunodeficiency virus  preferentially attacks and destroys CD4 positive T lymphocytes…

Defense Mechanism

Circumstances influence and compel people to behave in a certain way. One such behavior is a defense mechanism. It is employed by people to escape from unpleasant circumstances, thoughts and actions. Defense mechanisms are, thus, psychological strategies that help to avert and avoid unwanted feelings such as guilt or shame and situations such as threat and danger.