1. Calculate the following: a) real interest rate if expected inflation is 3% and nominal interest rate is 2%, b) real interest rate if nominal interest rate is 50% and expected inflation is 44% c) nominal interest rate if expected deflation is -5% and real interest rate is 5%

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A: Formula for the future value of an annuity is given as FV = A * [ (1+r)n - 1r]

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A: Disposable income is the after-tax income that can be used for investment, spending, and savings.