1. Calculate the concentration (mol/L or M) of calcium ions in each water sample using the molar ratio between the calcium ions and EDTA in Reaction 1. 2. Determine the water hardness of your sample by converting the calcium ion concentration (mol/L) to ppm CaCO3. You will need to use the molar mass of CaCO3 to convert the concentration to units of mg/L. Then you can convert your concentration from mg/L to parts per million (ppm) using the conversion factor: 1mg/L = 1ppm. 3. Use Equation 1 to calculate the average calcium ion concentration and Equation 2 and 3 to determine the standard deviation of three titration trials. Average (x) = Σ.χ. n or x = sum of all values to be averaged number of terms to be averaged Equation 1

1. Calculate the concentration (mol/L or M) of calcium ions in each water sample using the molar ratio between the calcium ions and EDTA in Reaction 1. 2. Determine the water hardness of your sample by converting the calcium ion concentration (mol/L) to ppm CaCO3. You will need to use the molar mass of CaCO3 to convert the concentration to units of mg/L. Then you can convert your concentration from mg/L to parts per million (ppm) using the conversion factor: 1mg/L = 1ppm. 3. Use Equation 1 to calculate the average calcium ion concentration and Equation 2 and 3 to determine the standard deviation of three titration trials. Average (x) = Σ.χ. n or x = sum of all values to be averaged number of terms to be averaged Equation 1

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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