1. Assume the force ratios for the gravity dam shown are 1.2-1.5 for sliding and 2.0 for overturning. Are these force requirements met in the dam shown? For uplift, assume that there is a triangular distribution with the maximum magnitude 1/3 of the hydrostatic pressure at the heel and 0 at the toe. Consider the reservoir filled to design capacity with 3ft of freeboard. Assume the concrete has SG=2.65 and the coefficient of friction is 0.65 between dam base and foundation. Assume sedimentation and earth quake forces are negligible. 4 fi 27 ft Heel Toe

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System of Forces

A force is an external influence or agent that changes the state of a system. According to Newton's second law, the force applied to a body is proportional to the change in momentum of a body. Hence, whenever a force is applied to a body, its momentum changes. If the body is at rest, under the action of force, its state of rest changes to motion. In other words, the magnitude of the momentum of the body changes from zero to a measurable value. Similarly, if the body possesses some initial velocity, it has some associated momentum, the effect of force can cause the body to halt or come to rest, that is, the momentum reduces to zero.