1. An experimental technique called ¹3C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy allows chemists to tell how many different kinds of carbon there are in a molecule and whether carbons are primary (1°), secondary (2º), tertiary (3°), or quaternary (4°). Give dash (Kekule) structures (i.e., use lines for electron pair bonds) for the following compounds having a molecular formula C6H12. Also, on each structure, identify carbons as 1º, 2º, 3º, 4º; tell how many different kinds of C's there are; and designate which C's are equivalent. a) A compound having only single bonds and only secondary carbons. b) A compound having only single bonds and primary, secondary, and tertiary carbons. c) A compound having only single bonds and only primary, secondary, and quaternary carbons. d) A compound having only single bonds and primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons.
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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