1.) Although the database system yields considerable advantages over previous data management approaches, database systems do carry significant disadvantages? Discuss these significant disadvantages with examples 2.) Explain what is data independence, and why is it lacking in file systems? 3.) Using suitable examples, compare unstructured and structured data and identify which type of data is more prevalent in a typical business environment?

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Concurrency Control

The simultaneous occurrence of two or more operations is called concurrence and the situation is called concurrency. In concurrency, the function of one operation can affect the function of the other and put data integrity at risk. Hence, management for the control of concurrency is required. The management or controlling system in the Database Management System (DBMS) that coordinates concurrent access is called the concurrency control system.