1. (a) Where does mitosis take place in animals? (b) Describe the roles of mitosis in the human body:, (c) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one) 2. (a) Where does meiosis take place in animals?. (b) What is the purpose of meiosis? , (c) In meiosis, the sex cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one)
1. (a) Where does mitosis take place in animals? (b) Describe the roles of mitosis in the human body:, (c) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one) 2. (a) Where does meiosis take place in animals?. (b) What is the purpose of meiosis? , (c) In meiosis, the sex cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Transcribed Image Text:| The Role of Meiosis
Key Idea: There are two types of cell division in eukaryotes,
mitosis and meiosis, but only meiosis produces cells that are
genetically different to the parent cell.
New cells are formed when existing cells divide. There are
two forms of cell division in eukaryotes, mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from a parent
cell. Meiosis is a special type of cell division, and produces
sex cells (gametes or spores) for sexual reproduction. In
sexual reproduction, sex cells from two parents combine to
form an individual that is genetically different to its parents.
The sex cells in humans, called eggs and
sperm, are produced by meiosis. Events
occurring during meiosis creates gametes
with unique combinations of gene variants
and so creates genetic variability.
Sexual reproduction rearranges and
reshuffles the genetic material into new
combinations. This is why family members
may look similar, but they'll never be
identical (except for identical twins).
Pollen is formed by meiosis followed by
mitosis. In the anther, the microsporocyte
undergoes meiosis to form four haploid
microspores. These then undergo mitosis to
form pollen grains containing the sperm cells.
The 2N (diploid) number refers to
the cells each having two whole
sets of chromosomes. For a
normal human embryo, all cells
will have a 2N number of 46.
Gametes are produced by melosis;
a special division which reduces the
chromosome number to half that of a
somatic cell. The 1N (haploid) number
indicates a single set of chromosomes.
Many mitotic divisions give rise to the
adult. Mitosis continues throughout life for
cell replacement and repair of tissues. e.g.
blood cells are replaced at a rate of two
million per second, and a layer of skin cells
is constantly lost and replaced about every
28 days.
O Female
embryo
Female
adult
Many mitotic
divisions
Meiosis
2N
2N
Egg IN
Mitotic division is
responsible for growth
of body cells (somatic
growth) to the adult
size.
Fusion of the sperm
and the egg in
fertilisation produces
a diploid zygote.
This cell will give rise
to a new individual
through growth and
differentiation.
Zygote 2N
Embryo 2N
Adult
2N
Mitosis
Mitosis
Ở Male
embryo
Male
adult
Many mitotic
divisions
Cell division and the life cycle of
an organism
Meiosis
2N
Sperm 1N
1. (a) Where does mitosis take place in animals?
(b) Describe the roles of mitosis in the human body:
(c) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one)
2. (a) Where does meiosis take place in animals?
(b) What is the purpose of meiosis?
(c) In meiosis, the sex cells are genetically different to the parent cell. True or False (delete one)
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