1. A ten-story building is to be constructed at a site where the water table is close to the ground surface. The foundation of the building will be supported on 0.5 m diameter and of length 25 m concrete piles. The bottom of the pile cap will be at the ground level. The soil investigation at the site and laboratory tests have provided the saturated unit weights, the shear strength values under undrained conditions, and the soil profile of the soil. The soil profile and the other details are given in Table below. Required: a. Draw the soil-pile system. b. Determine the ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile. From 0 6.0 22 30 Depth To 6 22 30 40 Soil Sand Med. stiff clay Sand Stiff clay Y sat kN/m³ 19 18 19.6 18.5 0° 33 30 Cu kN/m² 60 - 75

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Load and resistance factor design

Load and resistance factors design (LRFD), also known as Limit state design (LSD), refers to the design method used in building engineering. A boundary condition is a condition of a structure where it can no longer meet the relevant design requirements. The condition may refer to the load level or other actions on the structure, while the terms refer to the integrity of the structure, suitability for use, durability, or other design requirements. A structure designed for LRFD is limited to keeping track of all possible actions during its design time and is always ready for use, with the appropriate level of reliability in each boundary condition. LRFD-based construction codes clearly define the appropriate levels of reliability in their instructions.