1. A pipeline is conveying 0.05 m3 /s of water, at 30°C. The length of the line is 300 m, and the diameter is 0.25 m. Estimate the head loss due to friction using the three formulas (a) Darcy-Weisbach (k= 0.5 mm), (b) Hazen-Williams (C = 110), and (c) Manning (n=0.012). You need to refer to the Moody diagram to determine f for letter (a). The coefficients for (b) and (c) are already given. (a. f=0.24 h=1.523 m, b. 1.770 m, c. 1.807m)

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Finite element procedure and modelling

Finite element method (FEM) is a mathematical technique that primarily implements the numerical approach and finds approximate solutions to the engineering problems. The finite element method is widely used in many civil engineering applications, especially in the domain of structural mechanics to find solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs), which governs the motion of structures under external influences like loads.