1. A certain market has both an express checkout line and a regular checkout line. Let X denote the number of customers in line at the express checkout at a particular time of day, and Y be the number of customers in line at the regular checkout at the same time. The joint pmf of X and Y is given by p(x, y) X y 1 2 0 0 0.10 0.04 0.02 1 0.08 0.20 0.06 2 0.06 0.14 0.30 Find the distribution, expected value, standard deviation of X? What is the probability P(X + Y ≤ 2) and the conditional probability P(X + Y ≤ 2X ≤ 1)? Find P(X ≤ 1,Y ≤ 1)? Are X and Y independent? Find the covariance of X and Y. Are X and Y independent?

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN:9780134753119
Author:Sheldon Ross
Publisher:Sheldon Ross
Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis
Section: Chapter Questions
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**Title: Joint Probability Mass Function and Independence in Queue Analysis**

**Context:**

A certain market has both an express checkout line and a regular checkout line. Let \( X \) denote the number of customers in line at the express checkout at a particular time of day, and \( Y \) be the number of customers in line at the regular checkout at the same time. The joint probability mass function (pmf) of \( X \) and \( Y \) is provided in the table below.

**Table: Joint PMF of \( X \) and \( Y \)**

| \( p(x, y) \) | \( y = 0 \) | \( y = 1 \) | \( y = 2 \) |
|---------------|------------|------------|------------|
| \( x = 0 \)   | 0.10       | 0.04       | 0.02       |
| \( x = 1 \)   | 0.08       | 0.20       | 0.06       |
| \( x = 2 \)   | 0.06       | 0.14       | 0.30       |

**Questions:**

1. **Find the distribution, expected value, and standard deviation of \( X \).**

2. **Calculate the probability \( P(X + Y \leq 2) \) and the conditional probability \( P(X + Y \leq 2 | X \leq 1) \).**

3. **Determine \( P(X \leq 1, Y \leq 1) \). Are \( X \) and \( Y \) independent?**

4. **Find the covariance of \( X \) and \( Y \). Are \( X \) and \( Y \) independent?**

---

This analysis provides insights into customer behavior at checkout lines, helping in efficient queue management and resource allocation.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Joint Probability Mass Function and Independence in Queue Analysis** **Context:** A certain market has both an express checkout line and a regular checkout line. Let \( X \) denote the number of customers in line at the express checkout at a particular time of day, and \( Y \) be the number of customers in line at the regular checkout at the same time. The joint probability mass function (pmf) of \( X \) and \( Y \) is provided in the table below. **Table: Joint PMF of \( X \) and \( Y \)** | \( p(x, y) \) | \( y = 0 \) | \( y = 1 \) | \( y = 2 \) | |---------------|------------|------------|------------| | \( x = 0 \) | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | | \( x = 1 \) | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.06 | | \( x = 2 \) | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.30 | **Questions:** 1. **Find the distribution, expected value, and standard deviation of \( X \).** 2. **Calculate the probability \( P(X + Y \leq 2) \) and the conditional probability \( P(X + Y \leq 2 | X \leq 1) \).** 3. **Determine \( P(X \leq 1, Y \leq 1) \). Are \( X \) and \( Y \) independent?** 4. **Find the covariance of \( X \) and \( Y \). Are \( X \) and \( Y \) independent?** --- This analysis provides insights into customer behavior at checkout lines, helping in efficient queue management and resource allocation.
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