1- In principle, it is possible to separate the Ba + 2 and Ca + 2 ions by the difference in solubility of the respective fluorides. Assuming that to a 0.10 mol / L solution of each Ba + 2 and Ca + 2 ions, the fluoride ion solution is slowly added: a) What is the concentration of the fluoride ion that will precipitate the maximum amount of calcium without precipitating barium fluoride? b) What concentration of calcium is there in the solution, when the barium fluoride starts its precipitation? Data: Kps calcium fluoride = 3.9x10-11 and barium fluoride = 1.7x10-6
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
1- In principle, it is possible to separate the Ba + 2 and Ca + 2 ions by the difference in solubility of the respective fluorides. Assuming that to a 0.10 mol / L solution of each Ba + 2 and Ca + 2 ions, the fluoride ion solution is slowly added:
a) What is the concentration of the fluoride ion that will precipitate the maximum amount of calcium without precipitating barium fluoride?
b) What concentration of calcium is there in the solution, when the barium fluoride starts its precipitation?
Data: Kps calcium fluoride = 3.9x10-11 and barium fluoride = 1.7x10-6
2- Calculate the solubility of each poorly soluble substance in its respective solution:
a) aluminum hydroxide at: pH = 7.0; pH = 4.5.
3- Write the formula for the conjugate base of each of the following acids and their names:
a) H3PO4
b) H2PO4-1
4- Write the conjugate acid formula for each of the following bases:
a) PO4-3
b) HPO4-2
5- In each of the following reactions identify the conjugated acid-base pairs, draw a line that the one under the equation:
a) HClO + H2O = H3O+ + ClO-1
b) OH-1 + H3O+1 = H2O + H2O
6- Write chemical equations and equilibrium expressions for the reactions of each weak acid with water:
a) Acetic acid
b) Propanoic acid
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