1) Identify the type of observational study for: Data is obtained by examining hospital records from the last 3 years. a) Retrospective b) Cross-sectional c) Prospective d) None of thes 2) What is the class width, the class boundaries, and the class midpoints for th following table. Students Distance Frequency 10-15 12 16-21 22-27 13 28-33 17 34-39 6. 1 Find the mean, standard deviation, and the five-number summan

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**Observational Study and Data Analysis**

1) **Identify the type of observational study for:**
   Data is obtained by examining hospital records from the last 3 years.
   - a) Retrospective
   - b) Cross-sectional
   - c) Prospective
   - d) None of these

2) **What is the class width, the class boundaries, and the class midpoints for the following table:**

   | Distance | Frequency |
   |----------|-----------|
   | 10-15    | 12        |
   | 16-21    | 5         |
   | 22-27    | 13        |
   | 28-33    | 17        |
   | 34-39    | 9         |

3) **Find the mean, standard deviation, and the five-number summary for the following (use a calculator):**

---

In this exercise, you are tasked with understanding the types of observational studies, determining class characteristics in a frequency distribution table, and calculating basic statistical measures.

**Detailed Breakdown:**

1. **Type of Observational Study:**
   - Retrospective studies involve looking at historical data.
   - Cross-sectional studies analyze data at a single point in time.
   - Prospective studies look forward and collect data over time.
   - The study described, which examines hospital records from the last 3 years, is a retrospective study.

2. **Class Width, Boundaries, and Midpoints:**
   - **Class Width**: The difference between the lower limit of a class and the lower limit of the next class. 
     For the given table, the class width is 16 - 10 = 6.
   - **Class Boundaries**: These are the actual class limits that include all the possible values a variable could assume in that class. For class 10-15, the boundaries are 9.5 and 15.5.
   - **Class Midpoints**: These are the average of the lower and upper class limits. For class 10-15, the midpoint is (10 + 15) / 2 = 12.5.

3. **Calculations:**
   - **Mean**: The average of all data points.
   - **Standard Deviation**: A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.
   - **Five-Number Summary**: The minimum, first
Transcribed Image Text:**Observational Study and Data Analysis** 1) **Identify the type of observational study for:** Data is obtained by examining hospital records from the last 3 years. - a) Retrospective - b) Cross-sectional - c) Prospective - d) None of these 2) **What is the class width, the class boundaries, and the class midpoints for the following table:** | Distance | Frequency | |----------|-----------| | 10-15 | 12 | | 16-21 | 5 | | 22-27 | 13 | | 28-33 | 17 | | 34-39 | 9 | 3) **Find the mean, standard deviation, and the five-number summary for the following (use a calculator):** --- In this exercise, you are tasked with understanding the types of observational studies, determining class characteristics in a frequency distribution table, and calculating basic statistical measures. **Detailed Breakdown:** 1. **Type of Observational Study:** - Retrospective studies involve looking at historical data. - Cross-sectional studies analyze data at a single point in time. - Prospective studies look forward and collect data over time. - The study described, which examines hospital records from the last 3 years, is a retrospective study. 2. **Class Width, Boundaries, and Midpoints:** - **Class Width**: The difference between the lower limit of a class and the lower limit of the next class. For the given table, the class width is 16 - 10 = 6. - **Class Boundaries**: These are the actual class limits that include all the possible values a variable could assume in that class. For class 10-15, the boundaries are 9.5 and 15.5. - **Class Midpoints**: These are the average of the lower and upper class limits. For class 10-15, the midpoint is (10 + 15) / 2 = 12.5. 3. **Calculations:** - **Mean**: The average of all data points. - **Standard Deviation**: A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. - **Five-Number Summary**: The minimum, first
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