1) Complementation occurs when auxotrophic organisms provide a wildtype allele  that another auxotroph is lacking to produce a needed molecule for a chemical pathway. The wt allele can be passed on through horizontal gene flow, or the interaction of the auxotrophs during reproduction produces an offspring with a 'rescued' phenotype due to independent assortment returning favorable recombination of function alleles. If a researcher interacts  four auxotrophs, and mutant -1 complements mutants -2, -3, and -4, and mutant -2 complements mutants -3 and -4, and mutant -3 complements -4, how many genes are indicated? a) Four genes! b) One gene with four alleles! c) Three genes with one allele. d)A complementation chart was not provided so I cannot answer this question.   2)  An inheritance ratio of 12:3:4 is a sure indication of:   a) Incomplete assortment. b) A dihybrid example of codominance. c) Dominant epistasis. d) Recessive epistasis.

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.