Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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According to the text, What is the leaf margins are in these figures?
Transcribed Image Text:0 00000
Transcribed Image Text:The diffggent types of margin in simple leaves are: entire, that is, even, without teeth or
indentations, serrate, with sharp teeth pointing forward (towards the tip) like the teeth of a saw;
serrulate, diminutive of serrate; dentate or toothed, with sharp teeth pointing outward, not forward;
denticulate, diminutive of dentate; crenate, with rounded teeth; crenulate, diminutive of crenate;
repand or undulate with a wavy margin; sinuate, strongly undulate; incised or cut, with deep, sharp,
irregular teeth; lobed, deeply cut, but the incisions not reaching much more than halfway to the
midrib; cleft, almost like lobed, but the incisions extend more than halfway to the midrib; parted, with
incisions extending nearly to the midrib; and divided, with incisions extending quite to the midrib.
According to the number of lobes, clefts, etc., leaves may be 5-lobed, 7-cleft, many-cleft, etc.
In pinnately-veined simple leaves the incisions all point toward the midrib, and in palmately
veined ones they point toward the apex of the petiole. Pinnately veined leaves may be pinnately-
lobed, pinnately-cleft or pinnatifid, pinnately-parted and pinnately-divided or pinnatisect. In
palmately veined leaves the same combinations are applied with palamately substituted for pinnately.
When using the number of lobes or divisions, we may have palmately 3-lobed, -3-cleft or trifid, -3-
parted leaves, etc. and with higher numbers palmately many-lobe, -many-cleft or multifid, etc. The
same combinations are made with the substitution of pinnate for palmate.
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